多级孔金属材料研究进展

Review on hierarchical porous metal materials

多孔金属是一种内部含有大量孔隙的结构-功能一体化材料。随着服役环境的不断变化,人们对多孔金属的综合性能提出了越来越高的要求。与传统单级孔结构金属材料相比,多级孔金属由于具有两级甚至多级孔结构特征,展现出更加优异的综合性能,逐渐成为研究和关注的热点。本文简要综述了近些年国内外多级孔金属材料研究进展,其中多级孔金属制备工艺主要包括粉末烧结法、去合金化法以及增材制造法等;由于独特的孔结构,多级孔金属具有更好的过滤性能、毛细性能、催化性能以及力学性能,在过滤与分离、传热及能源等领域展现出诱人的应用前景。最后,对多级孔金属当前研究所面临的问题以及未来发展方向进行了讨论和展望。

Porous metal,containing large number of pores in it,is a kind of material with functional and mechanical properties.With the rapid development of application and requirement,porous metals with superior properties are demanded urgently.Compared with the traditional porous metal materials,the hierarchical porous metals demonstrate more excellent comprehensive properties due to its bi-porous or even multi-porous structure characteristics,and have attracted an increasing attention.This article presents an overview of hierarchical porous metals.The preparation process of hierarchical porous metals mainly includes powder sintering,dealloying and additive manufacturing.Because of the unique pore structure,hierarchical porous metals have improved filtration performance,capillary performance,catalytic performance and mechanical performance,showing attractive application prospects in filtration and separation,heat transfer,energy and other fields.The challenge and future development of hierarchical porous metals are also discussed.