关税下调促进了居民分配公平?——基于最惠国不同进口消费品的实证研究

Does Tariff Reduction Promote Equitable Distribution of Residents?An Empirical Study Based on Different Imported Consumer Goods of the Most Favored Nation

不断缩小居民收入分配差距是不断提高人民群众获得感、幸福感和安全感的必然要求。本文利用2002—2021年我国31个省份的面板数据,分析了12种进口消费品关税水平的下调对居民收入差距的影响。研究发现,一部分消费品关税下调缓解了收入分配不公,关税表现为累退性,一部分消费品关税下调扩大了收入分配差距,关税表现为累进性。因此,对于我国来说,由于不同类型商品属性不同,对居民收入分配的影响也不同,国家政府必须对不同类型商品进口关税实施“分类治理”,针对不同类型商品制定有差异的关税政策才能高效地发挥关税的调节作用,逐渐缩小居民收入分配差距。

Narrowing the income gap is an inevitable requirement for improving people s high,happiness and sense of security.Based on the panel data of 31 provinces and cities from 2002 to 2021,this paper analyzes the impact of the reduction of tariffs on 12 kinds of imported goods on the income gap of residents.The study found that the tariff reduction of some commodities alleviated the inequality of income distribution,and the tariff was regressive,while the tariff reduction of some commodities worsened the income distribution gap,and the tariff was progressive.Therefore,for China,due to the different attributes of different types of commodities,the impact on residents income distribution is also different.The national government must implement“classification governance”on the import tariffs of different types of commodities,and formulate differentiated tariff policies for different types of commodities in order to effectively play the regulating role of tariffs and gradually narrow the income distribution gap of residents.