益生菌缓解金黄色葡萄球菌感染牛乳腺炎的研究与应用进展

Research status of probiotics in alleviating bovine mastitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus

金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus,S. aureus)感染牛乳腺引发炎症。研究表明益生菌对缓解牛乳腺炎有一定作用,且相对于抗生素更加安全。本文对S. aureus的致病机理、益生菌在牛乳腺炎中的作用机制及应用等进行了综述。明确S. aureus通过释放毒力因子,其中黏蛋白帮助病原菌定植细胞表面同时大量S. aureus生成生物膜破坏细胞结构引发“细胞因子风暴”,干扰机体免疫系统识别。S. aureus入侵牛乳腺上皮细胞(bovine mammary epithelial cells,bMEC)后激活信号通路以及相关蛋白的表达,通过分析其入侵乳腺上皮细胞后能够破坏上皮细胞屏障,干扰机体免疫系统3个方面说明S. aureus能够在bMEC存活的干扰因素。并且从益生菌角度总结已有发现益生菌在体内定植可增强肠道完整性、抑制病原菌的生长,提高机体免疫力从而抑制S. aureus对bMEC的黏附和侵染,降低S. aureus生物膜的形成,以减少S. aureus在乳腺内的定植,从而起到减轻乳腺感染效果。

Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)infects bovine mammary glands,causing inflammation,which aggravates the loss of dairy farming.Studies have found that probiotics have a certain effect on relieving bovine mastitis,which is safer and more effective than antibiotics.In this paper,the pathogenic mechanism of S.aureus,the mechanism and application of probiotics in bovine mastitis were reviewed.It is clear that S.aureus releases virulence factors,in which mucin helps pathogenic bacteria to colonize the cell surface,and at the same time,a large number of S.aureus produces biofilm to destroy the cell structure and trigger a"cytokine storm",which interferes with the immune system recognition.After S.aureus invaded bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells(bMEC),it activated the signal pathway and the expression of related proteins.By analyzing the interference factors of S.aureus'survival in bMEC,it could destroy the epithelial cell barrier and interfere with the immune system.From the point of view of probiotics,it is summarized that colonization of probiotics in vivo can enhance intestinal integrity,inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria,improve the immunity of the body,thus inhibiting the adhesion and infection of S.aureus to bMEC,reducing the formation of S.aureus biofilm,reducing the colonization of S.aureus in the breast,and thus reducing breast infection.