喷施矮壮素对番茄植株及果实品质的影响

Effects of Spraying Chlormequat Chloride on Tomato Plant and Fruit Quality

本试验以番茄品种‘青农866’为材料,研究外源喷施不同浓度矮壮素对番茄植株生长、产量及果实品质的影响。结果表明,喷施矮壮素后番茄植株伸长生长受到不同程度的抑制,叶片净光合速率和叶绿素含量随矮壮素浓度升高呈现先升高后降低趋势,浓度为300 mg/L时两者均达到最高。果实单果重、单株产量、公顷产量均随矮壮素浓度增加而有所降低,但均未达到显著性差异,而单株果实数随着矮壮素浓度升高而增加,且有显著性差异。矮壮素浓度为300 mg/L时果实可溶性固形物和VC含量最高,总酸含量则在浓度为200 mg/L时最高。GC-MS分析结果显示,矮壮素处理果实中与风味品质正相关的2,4-癸二烯醛、6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮、2-异丁基噻唑等物质均呈现升高趋势。综上表明,喷施矮壮素可一定程度上抑制节间伸长,降低株高,增强光合作用,增加单株果实数,增加果实可溶性固形物含量,降低糖酸比,改善果实口感品质;但单果重和总产量有些许降低,果实挥发性物质组成及含量受到一定影响。本研究结果可为番茄生产中合理利用矮壮素提供参考。

In this study,the tomato variety‘Qingnong 866’was used as material to study the effects of spraying different concentrations of chlormequat chloride(CCC)on tomato plant growth,yield and fruit quali-ty.The results showed that the elongation growth of tomato plants was inhibited to different degrees after spra-ying CCC.The net photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content of leaves increased first and then decreased with the increase of CCC concentration,and both reached the highest when the concentration was 300 mg/L.The single fruit weight,yield per plant and yield per hectare decreased with the increase of CCC concentration,but did not reach significant level,while the fruit number per plant increased significantly.The soluble solids and VC contents of fruits were the highest when the CCC concentration was 300 mg/L,and the total acid content was the highest when the CCC concentration was 200 mg/L.GC-MS analysis showed that 2,4-decadienal,6-methyl-5-heptene-2-one,2-isobutylthiazole and other substances positively related to flavor quality in fruits un-der CCC treatment showed increasing trends.In summary,spraying chlormequat chloride could inhibit inter-node elongation and decrease plant height to a certain extent,enhance photosynthesis,increase fruit number per plant and soluble solid content,decrease sugar-acid ratio of fruits,improve fruit taste quality,but de-crease single fruit weight,total yield slightly,and affect the components and contents of volatile substances in fruits.The results of this study could provide references for reasonable utilization of CCC in tomato production.