扩大犯罪圈的立法逻辑与价值导向

On the logical choice and value goal of expanding the criminal circle in criminal law

在积极刑法观主导下,采取新增罪名和改变犯罪构成要素方式扩大犯罪圈,是近年刑法修改的主要态势。设置抽象危险犯、改结果犯为情节犯或具体危险犯,以及帮助行为正犯化,都因降低犯罪门槛而使得刑法触角深及传统行政领域。除将背信行为犯罪化外,刑法扩张目前尚未逾越公法制裁中的人身罚边界。面对非传统安全威胁,立法者在网络空间和新经济领域布设行为禁区,既有犯罪化性质又同时彰显刑法作为最后的保障法的作用。这符合法律稳定性和适应性的辩证统一规律,而且顺其修法,整合公法制裁和提升其司法化程度似成气候。但犯罪化毕竟不具有天生正当性,为确保刑法定位于“保护人民”,法益尤其是具体法益仍是划定犯罪圈的中轴,防止犯罪圈因为安全需求而无节制扩张,具体法益原则是确保犯罪圈扩大和人权刑法平衡的保险阀。

dangerous crime,the change of result crime into plot crime or specific dangerous crime,and the criminalization of helping behavior all make the criminal law reach deep into the traditional field of administrative governance because of the reduction of the threshold of crime.However,in addition to criminalizing breach of trust,the expansion of criminal law has not crossed the boundary of personal punishment in public law sanctions.In the face of non-traditional security threats,legislators set up restricted areas of behavior in cyberspace and new economy,which not only has the nature of criminalization,but also highlights the role of the final guarantee law of criminal law;As for reducing the threshold of crime in response to the needs of epidemic prevention and control,it is also in line with the dialectical unity law of legal stability and adaptability,and it seems to be a climate to amend the law,integrate public law sanctions and improve its judicialization.However,criminalization does not have inherent legitimacy after all.In order to ensure that the criminal law is always positioned to“protect the people”,legal interests should still be the axis of delineating the criminal circle.