轻质铸造铝合金轮毂热处理变形测试分析

Analysis of Heat Treatment Deformation Measurement in Lightweight Cast Aluminum Alloy Wheel Hubs

目的精准建立铸造铝合金轮毂各区域的T6热处理变形状态及其最佳检测方法,对热处理态轮毂进行表征研究,探讨铝合金轮毂热处理过程的变形规律,为轮毂工业生产和变形研究提供精确和适宜的变形测试方法。方法根据轮毂的结构特征,将变形检测区域分为外轮缘端面、轮辋、轮辐-轮心3个区域,分别使用三坐标测量机、手持三维激光扫描仪和轮缘轴向高度检测装置对4种不同结构的热处理态轮毂进行变形测试,并对测量结果进行分析。结果铝合金轮毂的热处理变形程度与其自身的结构、尺寸密切相关;外轮缘端面轴向变形主要表现为翘曲变形,呈双波峰波谷的变形规律;距离外轮缘越远的环状轮辋,受轮辐结构影响的凹凸程度逐渐减小,椭圆形趋势增大;轮辐-轮心为轴向凹陷变形;轮缘轴向高度检测装置的测量结果与三坐标测量结果基本一致,误差为±5μm。结论手持扫描仪适用于轮辋/轮辐等平坦曲面的变形测试及整体变形云图化;轮缘轴向高度检测装置适用于工业化在线测试。所使用的测试工具和建立的测试方法可以较好地测试轮毂变形,阐明铝合金轮毂热处理变形规律,为后续轮毂的变形控制和变形测试提供测试基础。

The work aims to establish the deformation status of T6 heat treatment for each area of aluminum alloy wheel hub,and study the optimal measuring method and then characterize the heat-treated wheel hub,explore the deformation law of aluminum alloy wheel hub during heat treatment process,and provide accurate and suitable deformation measuring methods for wheel hub industrial production and deformation research.According to the structural characteristics of the wheel hub,the deformation measuring area was divided into three regions:outer rim flange,rim,and spoke-center.Three coordinate measuring machines(CMM),handheld three-dimensional laser scanners,and axial height detection devices were used to measure the deformation of four different structures of heat-treated wheel hubs and then the measurement results were analyzed.The deformation of the wheel hub was related to its own structural and wheel size.The axial deformation of the end face of the outer rim was mainly manifested as warping deformation,which showed the deformation law of double peaks and troughs.The greater the distance from the outer rim,the concave and convex degree of the rim was gradually reduced by the effect of the spoke structure,and the elliptical tendency increased.The spoke-center of the wheel was mainly depressed in the axial direction.The measurement results of rim axial height detection device were basically consistent with those of CMM,with an error of±5μm.The handheld scanner is suitable for deformation testing of flat curved surfaces such as wheel rims/spokes and overall deformation cloud mapping.The axial height detection device of rim flange is suitable for industrial online measurement.The measuring tools used and the established measuring methods can accurately test the deformation of wheel hubs,clarify the deformation law of aluminum alloy wheel hubs during heat treatment process,and provide a measuring basis for subsequent deformation control and testing of wheel hubs.