替代数据在征信业中的应用与国际经验

Application of Alternative Data in Credit Reporting Industry and International Experience

随着大数据等新技术在信用评估领域被广泛应用,商业银行和消费金融公司等金融机构通过金融科技公司、数据经纪商等间接使用大量替代数据信息,一方面使信贷服务快速渗透到传统征信体系外的客户,为普惠贷款落地提供了解决方案;另一方面也加剧了个人信息保护与数据安全等潜在风险。2021年9月,中国人民银行依据《个人信息保护法》等上位法出台《征信业务管理办法》,“数据平台—征信公司—金融机构”成为替代数据分享的新发展方向。在梳理外国信用数据分享典型模式和监管经验的基础上,分析现阶段国内信用数据分享面临的机遇与挑战,从制度构建、数据治理、机构设立和服务定价的角度为进一步推动信用评估行业稳健发展提出相关政策建议。

As new technologies such as big data are widely used in credit assessment,financial institutions such as commercial banks and consumer finance companies are indirectly using a large amount of alternative data information through fintech companies,data brokers,etc.,which on the one hand enables credit services to rapidly penetrate into customers outside of the traditional credit bureau system,and provides a solution to the landing of inclusive lending;and on the other hand,it also aggravates potential risks such as the protection of personal information and data security.In September 2021,the People's Bank of China(PBOC) issued the Measures for the Administration of Credit Reporting Business in accordance with the Personal Information Protection Law and other superior laws,making the“data platform-credit collection company-financial institutions”a new direction for alternative data sharing.This paper analyses the opportunities and challenges faced by domestic credit data sharing at this stage on the basis of the typical models and regulatory experiences of foreign credit data sharing,and puts forward relevant policy recommendations to further promote the stable development of the credit assessment industry from the perspectives of institutional construction,data governance,agency establishment and service pricing.