花生耐盐碱品种的筛选及评价

Identification of Saline-alkali Tolerance and Comprehensive Screening of Varieties in Peanut

为培育和筛选耐盐碱花生品种,扩大盐碱地利用面积,以50个花生品种为材料,利用盆栽方式设置0,0.4%,0.8%,1.2%等4个盐碱梯度,进行耐盐碱品种筛选。结果表明,在萌发期0.8%盐碱胁迫下,50个品种种子在耐盐碱特性上分化明显,有8个品种的发芽率和发苗势仍保持在90%,85%以上。对苗期各生理指标评价结果显示,根部指标和地上部性状在低浓度(0.4%)盐碱胁迫下变化不大,但在中(0.8%)、高(1.2%)浓度胁迫下呈现不同程度下降趋势,降低幅度分别为22%~54%,30%~56%。此外,叶绿素指标随着盐碱浓度升高呈上升趋势,上升幅度为12%~13%。采用优异指数对花生综合评价结果显示,在0.4%,0.8%,1.2%浓度的盐碱胁迫下,分别有23,5,0个品种表现为优异。从相关性上分析,萌发期和苗期的耐盐碱胁迫之间无显著相关性,表明萌发期和苗期抗性分属不同的耐盐碱机制。以上研究结果得出结论:在盆栽条件下,中等浓度(0.8%)盐碱适合用于花生耐盐碱能力的筛选;根据综合优异指数,筛选获得5份耐盐碱花生品种,分别是:冀花572、唐3432、冀农花31、易花16和豫花191,为耐盐碱花生品种推广和培育提供了依据和种质资源。

In order to cultivate and screen saline-alkali tolerant peanut varieties and expand the utilization area of saline-alkali soil,50 peanut varieties were used as materials,and four saline-alkali gradients,including 0,0.4%,0.8%and 1.2%,were set by potting to screen saline-alkali tolerant varieties.The results showed that under the saline-alkali stress of 0.8%in the germination stage,the seeds of 50 varieties were significantly differentiated in terms of saline-alkali tolerance,and the germination rate and seedling vigor of 8 varieties remained above 90%and 85%.The evaluation results of various physiological indexes at the seedling stage showed that the root indexes and aerial traits did not change much under low concentration(0.4%)saline-alkali stress,but showed different degrees of decline under medium(0.8%)and high(1.2%)concentration stress,and the reduction range was 22%-54%and 30%-56%,respectively.In addition,chlorophyll indexes showed an upward trend with the increase of saline-alkali concentration,with an increase range of 12%-13%.The comprehensive evaluation results of peanut using the excellent index showed that 23,5 and 0 varieties performed excellently under the saline-alkali stress of 0.4%,0.8%and 1.2%,respectively.Correlation analysis revealed that,there was no significant correlation between saline-alkali tolerance stress at the germination stage and the seedling stage,indicating that there were different mechanisms of saline-alkali tolerance during germination and seedling stages.The above results concluded that under the conditions of pot cultivation,moderate concentration(0.8%)saline-alkali was suitable for the screening of peanut saline-alkali tolerance varieties.According to the comprehensive excellence index,five saline-alkali tolerant peanut varieties were selected,namely Jihua 572,Tang 3432,Jinonghua 31,Yihua 16 and Yuhua 191,which provided a basis and germplasm resources for the promotion and cultivation of salt alkali tolerant peanut varieties.