遮阴高度和遮光率对抹茶园生态环境和抹茶品质的影响

Effects of Interaction of Shading Height and Shading Rate on Tea Garden Environment and Matcha Quality

为提高茶园抹茶生产品质,通过田间试验,研究了遮阴高度和遮光率互作对抹茶叶绿素含量、品质成分及茶园环境等的影响,设置了不遮阴处理(CK)、主处理遮阴高度(1.0,1.5,2.0 m)、副处理遮光率(40%,70%,100%)共10个处理。结果表明,与CK相比,遮阴高度和遮光率互作可以提高茶树周围环境的日平均温度、日最高温度和日最低温度;遮阴高度和遮光率互作有利于减弱茶蓬表面光照强度,增加抹茶叶绿素相对含量(SPAD值),显著增加叶绿素含量(P<0.05);遮阴高度和遮光率互作显著增加抹茶中水浸出物含量和氨基酸、显著降低了茶叶中茶多酚含量、咖啡碱含量和酚氨比。将茶叶品质成分和叶绿素含量与相应环境因子进行冗余分析表明,照度和最低温度是影响茶叶品质成分和叶绿素含量的主要指标。综上,遮阴高度1.5 m和遮光率70%互作利于生产高品质抹茶。

To improve the production quality of matcha in tea gardens,the effects of interaction of shading height and shading rate on matcha chlorophyll content,quality components,tea garden environment,etc.were studied through a field experiment,10 treatments in total,including non-shading treatment(CK),shading heights(1.0,1.5,2.0 m)of main treatments and shading rates(40%,70%,100%)of subtreatments were set.Compared with the CK,the results showed that interaction of shading height and shading rate could improve the daily average temperature,daily maximum temperature,and daily minimum temperature of the surrounding environment of tea garden.Interaction of shading height and shading rate were beneficial to reducing illuminance on the surface of tea canopy,increasing the relative chlorophyll content(SPAD value)and significantly increasing the chlorophyll content.The interaction of shading height and shading rate significantly increased the content of water extract and ammonia,and significantly decreased the content of tea polyphenols,caffeine content,and phenol ammonia ratio in tea.Redundancy analysis of tea quality components and chlorophyll content with corresponding environmental factors showed that illuminance and minimum temperature were the main indicators that affected the quality components and chlorophyll content of tea.The interaction of a shading height of 1.5 m and a shading rate of 70%is conducive to the production of high-quality matcha.