长叶龄烟苗培育措施对大田烤烟干物质和养分积累及肥料利用效率的影响

Effects of Cultivation of Long-leaf Age Tobacco Seedlings on Dry Matter and Nutrient Accumulation and Fertilizer Use Efficiency of Flue-cured Tobacco in Field

旨为明确稻作烟区长叶龄烟苗培育措施,促进稻茬烤烟早生快发,以云烟87为材料,研究育苗盘孔径(136,200孔)、微生物菌剂(基质添加苗强壮微生物菌剂、基质不添加微生物菌剂)、移栽叶龄(8叶移栽、10叶移栽)三因素对烤烟干物质和养分的积累与分配、肥料利用效率的影响。结果表明,增加育苗盘孔径、基质中添加微生物菌剂培育长叶龄烟苗,可提高烤烟干物质积累量,改善烟叶干物质分配量,提高氮、磷、钾养分积累量,促进烤烟对肥料的吸收效率,提高肥料利用率和生产效率;育苗盘孔径、微生物菌剂、移栽叶龄、三因素互作对干物质积累贡献率分别为22.87%,27.73%,37.41%,11.99%;对氮素积累的贡献率分别为20.34%,23.45%,33.62%,22.59%;对磷素积累的贡献率分别为24.41%,27.81%,32.85%,14.93%;对钾素积累的贡献率分别为15.48%,26.05%,34.61%,23.86%;对氮肥效率的贡献率分别为20.81%,44.67%,23.11%,11.41%;对磷肥效率的贡献率分别为32.15%,31.66%,14.91%,21.28%;对钾肥效率的贡献率分别为25.31%,38.71%,31.67%,4.31%。在湖南稻作烟区,增加育苗盘孔径、基质中添加微生物菌剂培育长叶龄烟苗可弥补两段式育苗缺陷,协同提高养分吸收量和肥料利用效率,在烤烟生产中具有一定推广价值。

Define the cultivation measures of long-leaf tobacco seedlings in tobacco-rice rotation area to promote the early growth and rapid development of paddy-tobacco.Yunyan 87 was used as the material.The effects of three factors on dry matter and nutrient accumulation and distribution,and fertilizer use efficiency of flue-cured tobacco were studied,namely,the aperture of nursery site(136,200 pores),microbial agent(substrate with Miaoqiangzhuang microbial agent,substrate without microbial agent),and transplanting leaf age(8-leaf transplanting,10-leaf transplanting).The results showed that increasing the aperture of nursery site and adding microbial agent in the substrate to cultivate long-leaf tobacco seedlings could increase dry matter accumulation,improve dry matter distribution,increase nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium accumulation,promote fertilizer absorption efficiency,and increase fertilizer utilization rate and production efficiency;the contribution rates of aperture of nursery site,microbial agent,transplanting leaf age and the interaction of three factors to dry matter accumulation were 22.87%,27.73%,37.41%and 11.99%,respectively.The contribution rates to nitrogen accumulation were 20.34%,23.45%,33.62%and 22.59%,respectively.The contribution rates of phosphorus accumulation were 24.41%,27.81%,32.85%and 14.93%,respectively.The contribution rates of potassium accumulation were 15.48%,26.05%,34.61%and 23.86%,respectively.The contribution rates to nitrogen efficiency were 20.81%,44.67%,23.11%and 11.41%,respectively.The contribution rates of phosphorus fertilizer efficiency were 32.15%,31.66%,14.91%and 21.28%,respectively.The contribution rates of potassium fertilizer efficiency were 25.31%,38.71%,31.67%and 4.31%,respectively.In Hunan paddy-tobacco growing area,increasing the aperture of nursery site and adding microbial agents to the substrate can make up for the defects of two-stage seedling raising,and jointly improve nutrient uptake and fertilizer utilization efficiency,which has a certain popularization value in flue-cured tobacco production.