腐植酸钾和氨基酸肥料对砂培番茄生长与果实品质的影响

Effects of Potassium Humate and Amino Acid Fertilizer on Growth and Fruit Quality of Sand Tomatoes

以番茄为试验材料,采用砂培的栽培方法,探究外源添加腐植酸钾和氨基酸肥料对番茄苗期代谢通路、植株生物量、茎叶果养分吸收量、产量和品质指标的影响。结果表明,腐植酸钾处理下番茄根长在苗期和开花结果期显著增加118%,13%,茎中氮、磷、钾携出量显著增加31%,45%,26%;叶中磷携出量显著增加92%;果实中磷携出量也显著增加45%。代谢组学结果表明,腐植酸钾处理主要影响番茄谷胱甘肽代谢、甘氨酸、丝氨酸和苏氨酸代谢、卟啉与叶绿素代谢,氨基酸肥料处理则主要影响番茄丙酸代谢、泛酸和辅酶A生物合成以及TCA循环。与空白对照相比,腐植酸钾处理下的番茄产量显著增加35%,地上部鲜质量和干质量显著增加21%,5%,同时也显著提高番茄果实中可溶性糖含量、糖酸比和可溶性固形物含量,增幅分别为30%,41%,0.39百分点。施用氨基酸肥料显著提高了番茄开花结果期的根长、地上部鲜质量和果实产量,其增幅分别为19%,18%,26%,番茄果实可溶性固形物含量提高0.30百分点,固酸比提升16%,单果质量提高15.6%。综上所述,腐植酸钾和氨基酸肥料的施用可显著改变砂培番茄植株碳氮代谢过程,促进番茄生长和果实品质的形成,是实现高产优质番茄栽培的有效农艺措施。

Using tomato as experimental material and using sand cultivation method,the effects of exogenous addition of potassium humate and amino acid fertilizer on the metabolic pathway,plant biomass,nutrient uptake,yield and quality index of tomato at seedling stage were explored.The experimental results showed that:the root growth of tomato increased by 118%and 13%at the seedling stage and flowering and fruiting stage under potassium humate treatment,and the nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium carrying in the stem increased significantly by 31%,45%and 26%.The amount of phosphorus carried out in leaves increased significantly by 92%.Phosphorus carrying from fruit also increased significantly by 45%.The metabolomic results showed that potassium humate treatment mainly affected tomato glutathione metabolism,glycine serine and threonine metabolism,porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism,while amino acid fertilizer treatment mainly affected tomato propionic acid metabolism,pantothenic acid and coenzyme A biosynthesis and TCA cycling.Compared with the blank control,the yield of tomatoes under potassium humate treatment increased by 35%,the fresh weight and dry weight of the aboveground increased by 21%and 5%,and the soluble sugar content,sugar-acid ratio and soluble solids content in tomato fruits were also significantly increased,with increases of 30%,41%and 0.39 percentage point,respectively.The application of amino acid fertilizer significantly increased the root length,aerial fresh weight and fruit yield of tomato during the flowering and fruiting stage,which increased by 19%,18%and 26%,respectively,and the soluble solids content of tomato fruit increased by 0.30 percentage point,the solid-acid ratio increased by 16%,and the weight per fruit increased by 15.6%.In summary,the application of potassium humate and amino acid fertilizer can significantly change the carbon and nitrogen metabolism process of sand tomato plants,promote tomato growth and fruit quality,and is an effective agronomic measure to achieve high-yield and high-quality tomato cultivation.