75份国内外小麦品种抗叶锈性鉴定及基因分析

Identification and Genetic Analysis of Leaf Rust Resistance of 75 Domestic and Foreign Wheat Varieties

为了挖掘小麦抗叶锈病基因,为我国小麦抗叶锈病遗传育种基因库提供更多的选择。选取了75份国内外小麦材料以及36份已知抗叶锈基因载体品种,将这些材料在苗期分别接种14个不同毒力的叶锈菌生理小种,分别鉴定这些不同毒力的生理小种在小麦材料上的发病严重程度;同时提取所有材料的新鲜叶片DNA,选取已经确定的抗叶锈病基因相关联的分子标记特异性引物对75份供试材料进行分子标记检测。结合以上2种方法,推测75份小麦材料中含有的抗叶锈病基因。结果显示,75份小麦材料中含有Lr1、Lr2a、Lr2c、Lr10、Lr11、Lr14a、Lr16、Lr18、Lr20、Lr26、Lr34、Lr37、Lr46这13种已知抗叶锈病基因,这些基因以单基因或多基因聚合的方式存在于小麦品种中。其中,Lr1基因和Lr46基因占比较大,分别高达43%,56%。这些基因单独存在于小麦材料中,并不能表现出良好的抗叶锈性;当几个或者多个基因共同存在于小麦材料中,可以表现出远远高于单一基因的抗叶锈性,与前人研究相符。通过分子标记检测到小麦材料大白春小麦S3中含有Lr1、Lr10和Lr46基因,温室苗期鉴定发现该材料对本研究的11种叶锈生理小种表现出抗性,是比较良好的抗叶锈病小麦材料。

In order to explore wheat leaf rust resistance genes and provide more choices for China′s wheat leaf rust resistance genetic breeding gene pool.It selected 75 domestic and foreign wheat materials and 36 known leaf rust resistance gene vector varieties,inoculated 14 physiological races of leaf rust with different virulence at the seedling stage,and identified the severity of the disease of these physiological races with different virulence on wheat materials;simultaneously extract DNA from fresh leaf of all materials,and select specific primers associated with identified leaf rust resistance genes for molecular marker detection on 75 wheat materials.Combining the above two methods,it was speculated that 75 wheat materials contained genes for leaf rust resistance.The results showed that,75 wheat materials contained 13 known leaf rust resistance genes,namely Lr1,Lr2a,Lr2c,Lr10,Lr11,Lr14a,Lr16,Lr18,Lr20,Lr26,Lr34,Lr37 and Lr46,which existed in wheat varieties through single gene or multi gene aggregation.Among them,the Lr1 gene and Lr46 gene account for a relatively large proportion,up to 43%and 56%respectively.These genes exist alone in wheat materials and did not exhibit good resistance to leaf rust;when several or more genes coexisted in wheat materials,they could exhibit much higher leaf rust resistance than a single gene.The results were consistent with previous studies.Molecular markers detected that Lr1,Lr10 and Lr46 genes were contained in S3,a wheat material named large white spring wheat.The identification at the seedling stage in greenhouse showed that the material showed resistance to the 11 physiological races of leaf rust,and it was a relatively good leaf rust resistant wheat.