基于肌骨动力学与有限元耦合模型的脊柱生物力学研究应用进展

A review on applications of computational models combining finite element methods and musculoskeletal model

由于现代生活方式的改变与人口老龄化,近年来脊柱疾病发病率急剧升高。生物力学研究是评估脊柱相关疾病的重要内容,通过建模仿真的方法探究脊柱生物力学一直是重要的手段之一。目前,结合肌骨模型与有限元的方法成为脊柱生物力学的研究热点,因此,本研究对国内外使用肌骨模型与有限元相结合的方法探究脊柱生物力学特征的文章进行调研,系统阐述了该方法在脊柱相关疾病方面的临床应用进展,总结基于这种方法的建模方式,包括加载方法、杨氏模量、泊松比等参数设置,以及使用该方法在脊柱相关疾病上的评估应用。结果表明:基于肌骨动力学与有限元的方法,对探究人体在体运动时脊柱组织层面的应力应变、椎间盘内压力(intervertebral disc pressure, IDP)等情况,提供了一种多尺度评估方法,但该种方法目前存在模型构建时间长、研究动作单一、需要验证模型有效性不足等问题,是未来脊柱生物力学领域研究需要研究的方向。

Due to the changes of modern lifestyles and the aging of the population,the incidence of spinal diseases has increased dramatically in recent years.Biomechanics research is an important part of the evaluation of spine related diseases.It is always an important means to explore the biomechanics of spine through modeling and simulation.At present,the combination of musculoskeletal model and finite element method has become a research hotspot in spinal biomechanics.Therefore,this paper investigates domestic and foreign articles that use the combination of musculoskeletal model and finite element method to explore spinal biomechanical characteristics,systematically describes the clinical application progress of this method in spine related diseases.And the paper summarizes the modeling method based on this method.It includes the setting of parameters such as loading method,Young s modulus,Poisson s ratio,and the application of this method in the evaluation of spine related diseases.The results show that based on musculoskeletal dynamics and finite element method,it provides a multi-scale evaluation method for exploring the stress,strain and IDP at the spinal tissue level during human body movement.However,this method currently has problems such as long model construction time,single research action and insufficient validation of model validity,which is the direction of future research in the field of spinal biomechanics.