基于区段的地下空间环路通风排烟设计方法

Design Method for Underground Space Loop Ventilation and Smoke Exhaust Based on Sections

为实现多匝道、多地块、内部空间复杂的地下空间环路烟气控制,提出一种区段式排烟方法:将地下空间环路与地块通过防火门分隔,形成独立的构筑物,结合隧道结构,确定风机房位置,划分区段,使烟气在一定区域内排出。以滨江地下环路为例,在隧道主线上均匀布置6个排烟风机房,并以此为节点,将隧道划分为8个区段。当火灾发生时,开启所在区段两端的风机进行排烟。由于各区段不设置固定分隔,整个风道是贯通的,因而各个风机房里的风机可互相作为备用排烟风机,以降低成本。采用数值模拟软件建立模型,对排烟口开启数量和间距进行模拟,确定排烟量为90 m^(3)/s、排烟口间距为30 m、开启8个排烟口的排烟方案。从人员疏散环境以及排烟效率对典型区段进行分析,结果表明:烟气控制在一定的范围内,人员疏散环境安全,排烟效率达到90%,证明方案合理可行。

To realize smoke control for an underground space loop with multiple ramps,blocks,and complex internal spaces,a segmented smoke exhaust method is proposed.This involves separating the underground space loop from the land using fire doors,thereby creating an independent structure.The location of the air room is determined according to the tunnel structure,facilitating the division of smoke into sections for discharge within certain areas.This methodology is applied in a case study on the Bingjiang underground loop.Here,the tunnel is divided into eight sections by evenly arranging six smoke exhaust rooms on the main line and using them as nodes.In the event of a fire,the fans at both ends of each section initiate smoke exhaust.Given that there are no fixed separations between each section,the entire air duct remains interconnected.As such,the fans in each fan room can serve as backup smoke exhaust fans to reduce costs.The numerical simulation software is used to establish a model to simulate the number and spacing of smoke exhaust ports.From this,it is determined that the optimal smoke exhaust scheme involves a smoke exhaust volume of 90 m 3/s,a distance of 30 m between smoke exhaust ports,and eight smoke exhaust ports.Then typical sections are evaluated in terms of their evacuation environment and smoke exhaust efficiency.The results show that smoke is effectively controlled within a certain range,ensuring a safe evacuation environment.Moreover,the smoke extraction efficiency reaches 90%,proving the rationality and the feasibility of the proposed method.