19世纪上半叶中国与伊朗的瓷器贸易情况探析

Research on the Porcelain Trade between China and Iran in the First Half of the 19th Century

19世纪上半叶,销往伊朗的中国瓷器主要通过印度孟买进行转运。此外,阿曼的马斯喀特也是一个重要的转运港口。由这两地运来的中国瓷器通过沿海港口及陆路交通进入伊朗各城市。在19世纪30年代以前,伊朗消费的进口瓷器以中国瓷器为主,但在19世纪30-40年代,随着中国出口瓷器质量的下降、英国瓷器生产技术的提高、英国在波斯湾的扩张,以及英国制定华瓷出口关税标准等因素的影响,销往伊朗的中英瓷器形成此消彼长的态势,此后销往伊朗的中国瓷器便逐渐式微。

In the first half of the 19th century,Chinese porcelain sold to Iran was mainly transported by British merchants in Guangzhou over long distances and transported through Bombay in India.In addition,the Port of Muscat in Oman was also an important transit port,and Chinese porcelain transported from these two places entered various cities in Iran through coastal ports and land transportation routes.Before the 183os,China was still the main source of imported porcelain consumed by Iran.However,in the 1930s to 1940s,with the decline in the quality of porcelain exported from China and the improvement of British porcelain production technology,as well as due to factors such as the expansion of Britain in the Persian Gulf and the establishment of export tax standards for Chinese porcelain,the number of Chinese porcelain sold to Iran has decreased,while British porcelain has correspondingly increased.Afterwards,the export of Chinese porcelain to this region gradually declined.