不同回收和转移模式下再制造供应链生产决策研究

Production decision-making in remanufacturing supply chain under different recycling and transfer modes

随着公众环保意识增强,许多制造企业出于社会形象和成本考虑选择将再制造业务转移给第三方企业。针对由原始设备制造商(OEM)和第三方再制造商(TPR)组成的再制造供应链,根据不同回收主体(OEM和TPR)和转移模式(外包和授权)构建4种再制造供应链决策模型,对比分析4种模式下最优生产决策、利润、环境影响、消费者剩余和政府基金政策影响。研究结果表明:OEM青睐制造商回收外包模式,TPR在不同研发效率下有不同偏好;在不同模式下,提升环境税或补贴均会不同程度提高产品可再制造性水平并激励再制造。但提高补贴不一定有利于环境,环境税过高不利于社会总福利,因此政府需要综合考虑各方利益设置适当的环境税和补贴。

With the increase of public environmental awareness,many manufacturing companies choose to transfer their remanufacturing operations to third-party enterprises for social image and cost considerations.For the remanufacturing supply chain consisting of Original Equipment Manufacturers(OEMs)and Third-party Remanufacturers(TPRs),four remanufacturing supply chain decision models were constructed according to different recycling entities(OEM and TPR)and transfer models(outsourcing and licensing),and then the optimal production decisions,profits,environmental impact,consumer surplus and government funding policy implications under the four modes were contrasted and analyzed.Analytical results showed that OEMs preferred the manufacturer recycling and outsourcing mode,while the TPR had different preferences under different R&D efficiency.The level of product remanufacturability design and incentivize remanufacturing to varying degrees would be increased by raising environmental taxes or subsidies under different models.However,increasing subsidies was not necessarily good for the environment,and excessive environmental taxes were not conducive to the overall welfare of society,so the government needed to set appropriate environmental taxes and subsidies by comprehensively considering the interests of all parties.