古之道术在墨禽——《庄子·天下篇》今读之二

Mo and Qin Held the Quintessence of Daoism——The Second New Interpretation of Zhuangzi·The World

根据《庄子·天下篇》,“古之道术”在庄子时代破裂四散之后,墨翟、禽滑厘传承了其中的一个部分,这个部分可以称为“墨禽之道术”。如果着眼于墨、禽二子与“古之道术”的关系,着眼于《天下篇》描述的整体图景,亦可以概括为“古之道术在墨禽”。这种道术的基本精神是“不侈于后世,不靡于万物,不晖于数度,以绳墨自矫,而备世之急”,简而言之,就是节俭、自律、救世。按照《天下篇》,墨子与禽子可以相提并论。这样的安排,有助于我们重新理解禽子在先秦诸子中的地位,有助于我们从更多的角度理解先秦时代的学术思想格局。

Part of the ancient Daoism,according to Zhuangzi·The World,was inherited by Mo Di and Qin Guli after it broke down during the Zhuangzi era.This part inherited is called“Daoism of Mo and Qin”.The relationship between ancient Daoism and Mo and Qin,viewed in the overall picture described by Zhuangzi·The World,can be summarized as“Mo and Qin hold the quintessence of Daoism”.Primary principles of this doctrine of Daoism are:No future generation is to be taught to be extravagant;nothing is to be wasted;no class distinction is to be proclaimed.One should be self-disciplined with laws and rules so as to be prepared for any urgency of the world.In short,frugality,self-discipline,and salvation are upheld.Qin Guli is,according to Zhuangzi·The World,equally important as Mo Di to Daoism,which contributes not only to our recognition of the position of Qin among the Pre-Qin scholars,but also to our understanding of the academic and ideological pattern of the Pre-Qin era from more perspectives.