不同构型电动垂直起降飞行器动力系统的安全性评估

Safety evaluation of the power system of electric vertical take-off and landing vehicles with different configurations

安全性评估对电动垂直起降飞行器的架构开发、安全管理、设计验证及商业化有着至关重要的作用,但目前国内少有对电动垂直起降飞行器整机构型、系统设计等相关的研究。本文针对4种不同构型的电动垂直起降飞行器,包括垂起尾推固定翼构型、四轴八桨多旋翼构型、固定翼加倾转旋翼构型以及倾转机翼构型,使用功能危害分析和故障树分析方法对4种不同构型的动力系统进行了分析比较。分析表明:垂起尾推固定翼电动垂直起降飞行器动力架构在本文的特定使用场景中相对可靠性更优。2种分析方法的结合,增加了对功能危害理解的全面性和深度,并识别了减轻动力系统失效风险的多种潜在途径。安全性评估结果可以为电动垂直起降飞行器动力构型选择和产品开发提供依据。

Safety evaluation is critical in the architecture development,safety management,design verification,and commercialization of electric vertical take-off and landing(eVTOL)aircrafts.However,relevant research on eVTOL configuration and system design in China is limited.In this study,four different configurations of eVTOL aircraft,including lift and cruise fixed-wing aircraft,multi-rotor aircraft with four axes and eight rotors,fixed-wing and tilt-rotor aircraft,and tilt-wing aircraft,were analyzed and compared using functional hazard analysis(FHA)and fault tree analysis(FTA)methods.The analysis results show that the power configuration of lift and cruise fixed-wing eVTOL aircraft has better reliability than the three other configurations in the specific application scenar-ios considered in this study.The combination of the FHA and FTA methods adds comprehensiveness and depth to the understanding of functional hazards and identifies multiple potential pathways to mitigate the risk of power sys-tem failure.The safety evaluation results can be used as a reference for eVTOL dynamic configuration selection and product development.