美国课后服务工作人员能力标准研究

A Study of Competency Standards for After-School Staff in the US

制定课后服务工作人员的能力标准是美国保证课后服务质量的关键举措之一。美国制定课后服务工作人员能力标准的原因包括:社会对提升课后服务质量的需求;提供法律规定的高质量课后服务需要合格的工作人员;落实课后服务工作人员准入管理的需要。在多元化、公平与包容的价值观及学习与发展科学理论的影响下,美国课外活动协会制定了10项课后服务工作人员的能力标准供各州参考使用;各州在能力标准的基础上开发量表对课后服务工作人员的能力水平开展自测与他测;能力标准与测评结果有助于能力提升培训的开展。美国课后服务工作人员的能力标准呈现出发展性、多样性及实用性三个特征。美国的经验对我国课后服务的发展启示:在制定课后服务工作人员能力标准的基础上推动准入机制建设;开发课后服务能力量表并测评工作人员的能力水平;借助培训等措施有针对性地提升工作人员的能力水平。

The formulation of competency standards for after-school service staff is one of the initiatives taken by the United States to ensure the quality of after-school services.There are three reasons why the U.S.has developed competency standards for afterschool service staff:first,the need of the community to enhance the quality of after-school services;second,the need for qualified staff to provide quality after-school services as required by law;and third,the need to implement access control for after-school service staff.Influenced by the values of diversity,equity and inclusion and the theory of Science of Learning and Development,the National Afterschool Association has developed 10 competency standards for after-school service staff for states to refer to in developing their own competency standards.On the basis of the competency standards,each state develops a scale to measure the competency level of its staff.Competency standards and measurement results contribute to the development of competency-based training.The competency standards for after-school service staff in the United States are characterized by three features:development,diversity and practicality.The experience of the United States has three implications for the development of after-school services in China:first,to promote the construction of an access mechanism based on the development of competency standards for afterschool service staff;second,to develop competency scales for after-school services and measure the competency level of the staff;and third,to enhance the competency level of the staff in a targeted manner with the help of training and other measures.