播期和叶面肥喷施对不同玉米品种产量和籽粒矿质元素含量的影响

Effects of Sowing Dates and Foliar-applied Fertilizers on Grain Yield and Mineral Concentrations of Different Maize Varieties

研究旨在探讨播期和叶面肥喷施对不同玉米品种产量和籽粒矿质元素含量的影响,于2019年5—10月在山东省临沂市设置玉米大田试验,采用三因素裂区试验设计,主处理为5个玉米播期(5月31日、6月6日、6月13日、6月21日和6月28日,分别记作B1~B5),裂区为‘登海605’和‘郑单309’2个玉米品种,裂区-裂区为5种叶面肥喷施处理,分别为去离子水(Water)、氯化钙(Ca)、硫酸锌(Zn)、谷氨酰胺(N)和谷氨酰胺与硫酸锌混合溶液(N+Zn)。于玉米成熟期进行样品采集与分析。结果表明:‘登海605’和‘郑单309’均在B3播期时(6月13日)产量最高,最高产量平均分别为11.9、10.9 t/hm^(2),主要由于该播期下穗粒数最高,表明B3播期是该区域最佳播期,而早播和晚播均会显著降低2个玉米品种的产量。对于‘登海605’,叶面喷施N溶液可略提高早播条件下(B1和B2播期)籽粒产量,而叶面喷施Ca、Zn、N和N+Zn溶液可提高晚播条件下(B4和B5播期)籽粒产量,其中叶面喷施N+Zn溶液的增产效果最好,在B4和B5播期下籽粒产量较对照分别增加45.5%和16.0%。对于‘郑单309’,叶面喷施N或Zn溶液可提高B4播期籽粒产量,而喷施Ca溶液可提高B5播期的籽粒产量。另外,叶面喷施Zn或N+Zn溶液可显著提高‘登海605’和‘郑单309’在B2和B3播期的籽粒Zn浓度。叶面喷施Zn溶液可以显著提高B2和B3播期下‘郑单309’的籽粒Fe、Mn、Cu、N和Mg浓度。以上研究结果为协同实现玉米高产优质栽培和肥料利用效率的提高提供理论依据。

To investigate the effects of sowing date and foliar-applied fertilizers on grain yield and mineral concentrations of the two maize varieties,field experiment was conducted in Linyi City,Shandong Province from May to October in 2019.A three-factor split plot experimental design was adopted,the main plots consisted of five maize sowing dates(May 31,June 6,June 13,June 21 and June 28,marked as B1-B5),and the sub-plots consisted of two maize varieties including‘Denghai 605’and‘Zhengdan 309’.The slit-split plots consisted of five foliar-applied fertilizers,including deionized water(Water),calcium chloride(Ca),zinc sulfate(Zn),glutamine(N)and mixed solution of glutamine and zinc sulfate(N+Zn).Samples were collected at maturity.The results showed that both‘Denghai605’and‘Zhengdan309’had the highest grain yield at B3 date(June 13),and the average maximum yield was 11.9 and 10.9 t/hm^(2),respectively,mainly due to the higher number of grains per ear at this sowing date.The result indicated that B3 was the best sowing stage in this region,and both early and late sowing dates decreased the grain yield of the two maize varieties.For‘Denghai605’,foliar spraying with N solution could slightly increase grain yield under early sowing conditions(e.g.B1 and B2),while foliar spraying with Ca,Zn,N and N+Zn solutions could increase grain yield under late sowing conditions(e.g.B4 and B5).Among them,foliar spraying of N+Zn solution had the best yield increase effect,and the grain yield under B4 and B5 sowing dates increased by 45.5%and 16.0%,respectively,compared with the control.For‘Zhengdan309’,foliar spraying of N solution or Zn solution could improve the grain yield at B4 and foliar spraying of Ca solution could also improve the grain yield at B5.In addition,foliar applications of Zn solution alone or the mixture of N+Zn solution could significantly increase grain Zn concentration of the two maize varieties sown at B2 and B3 dates.Furthermore,foliar application of Zn solution could also significantly increase the concentrations of Fe,Mn,Cu,N and Mg in grain of‘Zhengdan309’sown at B2 and B3.The results provided theoretical basis for realizing high yield and quality cultivation of maize and improving fertilizer utilization efficiency.