早熟优质宜机采棉花新品种‘徐棉608’的选育

Breeding of a New Cotton Variety‘Xumian 608’Suitable for Machine Picking with Early Maturity and High Quality

针对粮棉争地、棉花生产用工多及劳动力成本逐渐增加等问题,以‘鲁棉19号’为母本‘、徐棉266’为父本,采用杂交育种技术育成早熟棉花新品种‘徐棉608’,该品种可以满足麦(蒜、油)后棉一年两熟种植制度且适宜机械化采收。在2018—2019年江苏省棉花新品种区域试验中,‘徐棉608’生育期99 d,衣分为40.1%,皮棉产量为1221.0 kg/hm^(2),较对照‘中棉所50’增产3.9%。株高87.5 cm,第一果枝节位高度20.8 cm,符合机采棉株型标准。纤维上半部平均长度为28.1 mm,断裂比强度为29.2 cN/tex,马克隆值为5.1。在2020年江苏省生产试验中,平均皮棉产量为1340.3 kg/hm^(2),较对照‘中棉所50’增产幅度高达10.5%。该品种衣分高,耐枯萎病和黄萎病,抗棉铃虫,耐盐性强,对脱叶催熟剂较敏感,适宜在江苏省及长江流域、黄河流域早熟棉区推广种植。

Aiming at the problems such as grain and cotton competition for land,excessive labor and increasing labor costs in cotton production,a new early-maturing cotton variety‘Xumian 608’was bred by cross-breeding technology with‘Lumian 19’as female parent and‘Xu Mian 266’as male parent.‘Xumian 608’can meet the one year two-harvest planting system of wheat(garlic,oil)and cotton,and is suitable for mechanized harvesting.In the regional trial of new cotton varieties in Jiangsu Province from 2018 to 2019,the growth period of‘Xumian 608’was 99 days,the lint percentage was 40.1%,and the lint yield of ginned cotton was 1221.0 kg/hm^(2),which was 3.9%higher than that of the control‘Zhong mian Suo 50’.The plant height was 87.5 cm and the first fruit branch height was 20.8 cm,which met the standard of machine-picked cotton plant type.The average length of the upper half part of the fiber was 28.1 mm,the specific breaking strength was 29.2 cN/tex,and the micronaire value was 5.1.In the production test of Jiangsu Province in 2020,the average lint yield was 1340.3 kg/hm^(2),which was 10.5%higher than that of the control‘Zhong mian Suo 50’.This variety was suitable for promoting and planting in the early-maturing cotton areas in Jiangsu Province,Yangtze River basin and Yellow River basin.It showed tolerance to wilt,verticillium and salt,resistant to bollworm and sensitivity to defoliating agents.