破解高校科技成果转化的体制性障碍

Breaking the Institutional Barriers to the Transformation ofScientific and Technological Achievements in Universities

职务科技成果归属国有无形资产的法律政策问题被视为当前高校科技成果转化最难破解的体制性障碍。自2015年“权属分置制度”改革至今,科技管理政策取得了巨大成绩,但尚未从根本上解决资产属性的体制性障碍。国内一些学者在解读西方经典科技管理政策《拜杜法案》时存在误解。破解高校科技成果转化的体制性障碍,要从成果转化优先、发明人主义、合同契约精神层面汲取其法理精神。从短期战略看,应吸收《拜杜法案》中的契约精神,摆脱国有资产属性体制的束缚;从中期战略看,应修改资产管理相关法律法规文件,避免不同政策相互掐架的现象;从长期战略看,应赋予高校真正的法人办学自主权,在根本上破解体制性障碍。

The legal policy problem of scientific and technological achievements belonging to the stateowned intangible assets is considered as the most difficult institutional barriers for them to transform in universities.Since the reformation of the division of ownership system in 2015,great achievements have been made in science and technology management policies,but the institutional barriers to asset attributes have not been fundamentally resolved.Domestic academic circles have misunderstandings the Bayh Dole Act,a classic western science and technology management policy,and they should learn its legal spirit from the aspects of achievement transformation priority,inventor and contract spirit.In order to break down the institutional barriers to the transformation of scientific and research achievements of universities,we should absorb the contract spirit of the Bayh Dole Act and bypass system constraints of property of state-owned assets in the short-term strategy,and revising the relevant laws and regulations on asset management in order to avoid the phenomenon of fighting between different policies in the medium-term strategy,and only by endowing universities with real legal person’s autonomy can we fully and effectively learn from the Bayh-Dole Act in the long-term strategy.