从参与到众包:数字新闻业的开放生产机制与理念衍替

From Participation to Crowdsourcing:The Open Production Mechanism and Conceptual Evolution of Digital Journalism

众包新闻起源于早期的公民新闻,在参与式新闻实践中逐步发展成熟,数字时代的众包新闻则是指公众参与新闻制作、分发、阅评的数字性新闻实践活动。以公众参与为基础的众包新闻生产呈现出鲜明的开放性特质,体现出协作与共创的特征,数字技术赋权普通公众以深度介入的方式融入新闻生产的全链路,可供信息实时集纳的共享文档、众包新闻核查、众包新闻可信度评级等是众包在数字时代的新实践样态。从参与到众包,众包新闻扭转了以往记者和公众在议程设置方面的势能差,反映出新闻理念的衍替过程,其本身建构了新闻媒体的社会功能并与社会责任等规范话语产生勾连。旨在寻求消减差异、促进共识合意的众包新闻对于我国新型主流媒体建设亦有可资借鉴之处。

Crowdsourcing journalism originated from the early citizen journalism and gradually matured in the practice of participatory journalism.In the digital era,crowdsourcing journalism refers to the practical activities of digital journalism in which the public participate in the production,distribution and evaluation process of news.Crowdsourcing news production based on public participation embodies the clear characteristics of openness,collaboration and co-creation.Digital technology empowers the general public to integrate into the whole procedure of news production in a deeply involved way.Sharing documents for real-time information collection,crowdsourcing news verification,and crowdsourcing news credibility rating are new practices of crowdsourcing.From participation to crowdsourcing,crowdsourcing journalism has reversed the potential energy gap between journalists and the public in agenda-setting,reflecting the evolution of news concepts,which it constructs the social functions of news media and connects with normative discourses such as social responsibility.Crowdsourcing journalism,which aims to eliminate differences and promote desirability,can also promote the development of mainstream media in China.