科幻促进科技创新的路径与影响因素——基于13位理工科博士(生)科幻迷的深入访谈研究

Paths and Influencing Factors of Science Fiction Promoting Scientific and Technological Innovation:Based on In-depth Interviews with 13 Sci-Fi Fans with Doctorates(PhD Students)in Science and Engineering

当前相关学术探讨远远滞后于科幻照进现实的脚步。为进一步丰富和拓展科幻促进科技创新相关研究的视角与理论方法,从个体层面出发,将一线科技工作者受科幻影响而产生科技创新活动视为科幻促进科技创新的一种代表性反映,探究科幻对科技创新的促进作用机制。运用扎根理论,对13名正处于前沿科技创新一线的理工科博士研究生进行访谈调研,通过三级编码构建科幻经历向科技创新活动转化的理论模型,并揭示与阐释“动机—过程—行为”的主路径及相关影响因素。结果显示:个体对科幻或科学本身的热爱和追求是最主要的原始动力,阅读科幻小说在科幻经历包含的3个层次中影响最为突出;转化媒介构建起各主范畴之间的关联,是理论模型的核心所在;科技创新活动主要表现为树立职业理想﹑产出研究成果﹑学科交叉探索和科技政策支撑4个方面,影响科幻与科技创新活动转化过程的内部因素主要作用于“科幻经历→转化媒介”过程,而外部因素主要作用于“行为动机→科幻经历”和“转化媒介→科技创新活动”两个过程。据此,提出鼓励科幻作品传播﹑推动科幻教育多形式和多路径发展﹑建立有针对性和差异化的政策与管理机制﹑推动多主体参与及多方面联动等相关对策建议。

At present,the relevant academic discussion lags far behind the pace of science fiction into reality.In order to further enrich and expand the perspective and theoretical methods of science fiction to promote scientific and technological innovation,from the individual level,this paper regards the scientific and technological innovation activities produced by the front-line science and technology workers as a representative reflection of science fiction to promote scientific and technological innovation,and explores the promotion mechanism of science fiction on scientific and technological innovation.Based on the grounded theory,interview survey is carried out with 13 doctoral students of science and engineering who are at the forefront of scientific and technological innovation,a theoretical model of the transformation of science fiction experience into scientific and technological innovation activities is constructed through the three-level coding,and the main path and related influence-factor factors of"motivation-process-behavior"are revealed and explained.The results show that the individual's love and pursuit of science fiction or science itself is the main original power,and reading science fiction is the most prominent among the three levels of science fiction experience;the core of the theoretical model is for the transformation medium to construct the correlation between the main categories;scientific and technological innovation activities are mainly manifested in four aspects:establishing career ideal,producing research results,interdisciplinary exploration and science and technology policy support,and the internal factors affected the transformation process of science fiction and science and technology innovation activities mainly act in the process of"science fiction→experience transformation media",while the external factors mainly act in the two processes of"behavioral motivation→science fiction experience"and"transformation media→science and technology innovation activities".Accordingly,relevant countermeasures and suggestions are put forward to encourage the dissemination of science fiction works,promote the development of science fiction education in multiple forms and paths,establish targeted and differentiated policies and management mechanisms,and promote multi-subject participation and multi-aspect linkage.