我国粮食主产区作物种业创新效率的区域差异及动态演进

Regional Differences and Dynamic Evolution of Innovation Efficiency of Crop Seed Industry in Major Grain-producing Areas of China

我国省域种业创新效率表现出明显的空间非均衡特征,这种不均衡将对不同省份的粮食产量﹑价格﹑农业的高质量发展以及区域经济协调发展产生较大影响。因此,为推进我国种业健康发展﹑保障国家粮食安全,基于超效率SBM模型﹑Dagum基尼系数﹑Kernel密度估计和莫兰指数等空间相关性分析方法,对2013-2021年我国粮食主产区13个省份的种业创新效率进行测度分析,并基于地理位置划分为东北主产区﹑黄淮海主产区﹑长江流域主产区三大区域,揭示区域差异时空演变特征和影响因素。结果发现:我国粮食主产区种业创新效率呈现显著的区域差异,总体区域差异在2015年之前以及2020年以后主要源自区域间差距,2015-2020年则主要源自超变密度;种业创新效率存在较为明显的两极差异,高水平地区和低水平地区之间的发展差距不断扩大;种业创新效率存在高度聚集的正向空间相关性,相邻省份对本地种业创新效率的提升具有显著影响。据此提出,为促进我国种业生产的全面提质增效,地方政府需在开展种子产业发展规划的同时,通过搭建农业科技交流和经验共享平台等措施,改进和完善区域间合作互动机制。

The spatial disequilibrium reflected in seed industry innovation efficiency among China's provinces will greatly affect the grain output,the price,the high quality development of agriculture,and the coordinated development of regional economy.In order to promote the healthy development of seed industry and ensure national food security in China,the super-efficiency SBM model,Dagum Gini coefficient,Kernel density estimation and spatial correlation analysis method such as Moran Index have been adopted to measure the innovation eficiency of seed industry in 13 provinces in major grain-producing areas from 2013 to 2021.Moreover,according to the innovation efficiency analysis of three major producing areas of northeast,Huang-Huai-hai and Yangtze River,the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics and influencing factors of regional differences in seed industry innovation efficiency are revealed.The results show that significant regional differences exist in seed industry innovation eficiency in major grain producing areas of China,the overall regional differences before 2015 and after 2020 are mainly due to inter-regional differences,but super-variable density is to blame between 2015 and 2020;the obvious efficiency polarization intensifies as the development gap between high and low level regions is expanding;the seed industry innovation efficiency has a highly clustered positive spatial correlation,and neighboring provinces have a significant impact on the improvement of local seed industry innovation efficiency.In view of the above findings,in order to promote the overall quality and efficiency of seed production,it is proposed that the local governments need to improve the inter-regional cooperation and interaction mechanism by building platforms for agricultural science and technology exchange and experience sharing while carrying out seed industry development planning.