2010—2019年肇庆市手足口病流行特征及EV71疫苗接种效果分析

Epidemiological Characteristics of Hand,Foot and Mouth Disease in Zhaoqing from 2010 to 2019 and Effectiveness for EV71 Vaccine

目的:分析肇庆市2010—2019年手足口病流行特征及肠道病毒71(EV71)型疫苗接种效果,为完善手足口病防控策略提供科学依据。方法:收集手足口病病例资料和EV71型疫苗接种情况,采用描述性流行病学方法分析三间分布、病原构成和疫苗接种情况,保护效果采用疫苗保护效力评价。结果:肇庆市2010—2019年手足口病年均报告发病率为314.77/10万,发病以≤5岁儿童为主。肇庆市2016—2019年EV71疫苗估算接种率为6.80%,疫苗推广后报告发病率、重症比例较低,接种EV71疫苗是EV71所致手足口病的保护因素,总保护效果为92.70%。结论:EV71疫苗上市后肇庆市手足口病发病率有所下降,但仍处于较高水平,目标儿童疫苗估算接种率较低,应推广及时全程接种EV71疫苗,并加强重点人群手足口病知识健康宣教和病原学监测。

OBJECTIVE To analysis epidemiological characteristics of Hand-foot-mouth disease(HFMD)from 2010 to 2019 and EV71 vaccination effect in Zhaoqing,in order to provide the sicientific basis for prevention and control strategy.METHODS The data of HFMD epidemic surveillance and EV71 vaccination in Zhaoqing were collected and analyzed.the protective effect was evaluated by the protective efficacy of the vaccine.RESULTS A total of 125955 HFMD cases were reported from 2010 to 2019 in Zhaoqing,with the annual incidence of 314.77/105.From 2016 to 2019,the estimated rate of target population for EV71 vaccine in Zhaoqing was 6.80%.After vaccination promotion,the incidence and the proportion of severe case of HFMD was lower.The cases were concentrated in chid aged 0~5 years old.EV71 vaccination was a protective factor for EV71-induced HFMD and the VE was 92.70%.CONCLUSION The incidence of HFMD decreased after vaccination.However,it is still at a relatively high level,and the innoculation of EV71 vaccine is low.It is necessary to further improve the rate of EV71 vaccination timely,strengthen health education,and pathogen monitoring.