上海市基层爱国卫生服务现状调查研究

Current Situation and Development Suggestions of Primary Patriotic Public Health Campaign in Shanghai

目的:系统描述上海市基层爱国卫生服务现况,为改善上海市基层爱国卫生服务提出针对性建议。方法:采用随机整群抽样法,从上海市中心城区(A区和B区)和非中心城区(C区和D区)各抽取5个街道开展问卷调查。结果:纳入分析5038人,郊区居民感知的“四害”(苍蝇、蚊子、老鼠、蟑螂)防治效果、相关卫生行为状况、场所卫生状况郊区均较城区差,郊区居民对近一年基层开展的爱国卫生相关服务表示满意的比例也低于城区;建成时间在10年以内的小区居民对相关卫生行为状况中随地吐痰现象、场所(周边环境、菜场或超市环境、背街小巷、工地附近、小区垃圾处置点、小饭店、小熟食店、小理发店等)卫生状况、近一年社区开展的爱国卫生相关服务表示满意的比例最低;小区建成时间在11~20年的居民反映“四害”防治效果、部分相关卫生行为状况(吸烟、乱扔垃圾、随地大小便、宠物粪便现象)比例最低;居民获取健康知识的渠道排序由高到低分别为新媒体、传统媒体、社区健康宣教栏、电子屏、社区健康教育咨询点或智慧小屋、亲友。结论:加强基层爱国卫生人才队伍建设,高效推进基层爱国卫生服务;完善爱国卫生法律法规,丰富健康教育活动,规范居民相关卫生行为;利用多种媒体深入宣传基层爱国卫生运动,提升居民对基层爱国卫生服务的满意度。

OBJECTIVE To systematically describe the current situation of primary patriotic public health campaign in Shanghai and provide targeted and constructive suggestions for improving grassroots patriotic public health campaign in Shanghai.METHODS Random cluster sampling was used to conduct a questionnaire survey on 5 streets in the central urban area(A and B districts)and 5 streets in non central urban areas(C and D districts)of Shanghai.RESULTS 5038 people were included in the analysis.The per⁃ceived effectiveness of four pests prevention and control,related hygienic behavior status and place hygiene status of residents in sub⁃urban areas were worse than those in urban areas.The proportion of suburban residents expressing satisfaction with grassroots patriot⁃ic public health campaign provided by community in the past year was also lower than that in urban areas.The proportion of resi⁃dents living in the community built within 10 years reporting spitting of hygienic behavior,the condition of place hygiene(surround⁃ing environment,vegetable markets or supermarkets,back streets and alleys,construction sites,community garbage disposal points,small restaurants and small delicatessen and barbershops,etc.)and satisfaction with patriotic public health campaign carried out by community in the past year was the lowest.The proportion of residents living in the community built between 11 and 20 years reporting the effect of four pests prevention and control,some related hygienic behaviors(smoking,littering,urinating and pet feces)was the lowest.The tendency of residents’access to health knowledge ranked from high to low as new media,old media,community health education bulletin board and electronic screen,community health education consultation point or smart house,relatives and friends.CONCLUSION It should strengthen the construction of grassroots patriotic public health manpower and efficiently promote grassroots patriotic public health campaign;improve patriotic public health laws and regulations,enrich health education activities and regulate residents’relevant hygienic behaviors;utilize various media to promote grassroots patriotic public health campaign and enhance residents’satisfaction with grassroots patriotic public health campaign.