2013—2022年竹山县其他感染性腹泻流行特征分析

Epidemiological Characteristics of Other Infectious Diarrhea in Zhushan County of Hubei from 2013 to 2022

目的:分析湖北省竹山县其他感染性腹泻流行特征,为制定控制对策提供依据。方法:从中国疾病预防控制系统导出2013—2022年竹山县其他感染性腹泻疫情数据,运用描述流行病学方法进行分析。结果:2013—2022年竹山县共报告其他感染性腹泻10006例,年均报告发病率为218.75/10万,无死亡病例报告。其中,年报告发病率以2017年最高,2022年最低,分别为328.37/10万(1514/461071)和105.54/10万(469/444363)。2013—2022年竹山县其他感染性腹泻年报告发病率呈逐年下降趋势,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=986.912,P<0.01)。全县各乡镇均有其他感染性腹泻病例报告;全年各月均有发病,以11月—次年1月发病例数较多,占全部报告发病例数的43.18%(4321/10006);病例主要为散居儿童,占全部报告发病例数的94.65%(9471/10006);病例以[0,3)岁儿童最多,占全部报告发病例数的92.72%(9278/10006),其他感染性腹泻发病率随年龄增长呈逐级下降趋势。男性报告发病率为238.98/10万,明显高于女性(195.20/10万),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=99.84,P<0.01)。结论:其他感染性腹泻防控形势依然十分严峻,应广泛开展感染性腹泻防治知识宣传,增强群众卫生防病意识,加强托幼机构和学校等集体单位饮食、饮水和环境卫生管理,建立秋冬季节感染性腹泻监测预警机制,及时发现和处置暴发苗头,并加大改水改厕力度,积极推广婴幼儿轮状病毒疫苗接种,遏制低龄儿童感染性腹泻感染和传播风险。

OBJECTIVE To analyze the epidemic characteristics of other infectious diarrhea in Zhushan County,Hubei province,and provide basis for formulating control measures.METHODS The epidemic data of other infectious diarrhea in Zhushan county from 2013 to 2022 were derived from the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control system,and analyzed by descriptive epidemiologi⁃cal methods.RESULTS From 2013 to 2022,a total of 10006 cases of other infectious diarrhea were reported in Zhushan County of Hubei,with an average annual incidence of 218.75/105,and no deaths were reported.The annual reported incidence was the highest in 2017 and the lowest in 2022,which were 328.37/105(1514/461071)and 105.54/105(469/444363),respectively.The annual inci⁃dence showed a decreasing trend(χ^(2)=986.912,P<0.01),but still higher than the provincial and national average.The epidemic was distributed in all townships of the county and occurred throughout the year.From November to January of the following year,the incidence was higher,accounting for 43.18%of the total reported cases(4321/10006).The incidence was mainly in scattered chil⁃dren,accounting for 94.65%(9471/10006),and 92.72%(9278/10006)of the total reported cases were aged 0~3 years.The inci⁃dence of the population aged 4 years and above showed a gradual decline with the increase of age.The reported incidence of 238.98/105 men was significantly higher than 195.20/105 women(χ^(2)=99.84,P<0.01).CONCLUSION The prevention and control situation is still very serious.It is necessary to widely publicize the prevention and control knowledge of infectious diarrhea,enhance the public’s awareness of health and disease prevention,strengthen the management of diet,drinking water and environmental sanitation in kin⁃dergartens,schools and other collective units,establish a monitoring and early warning mechanism for infectious diarrhea in autumn and winter,timely detect and deal with outbreaks,and intensify efforts to improve water and toilets.Actively promote rotavirus vacci⁃nation in infants and young children to curb the risk of infection and transmission among young children.