煤制油气化灰渣防灭火凝胶的制备及性能

Preparation and Properties of Coal-based Gasification Ash Fire-extinguishing Gel

针对煤制油气化灰渣堆积造成环境污染和固废资源浪费等问题,本研究提出以气化灰渣为基料、羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)为胶凝剂,制备气化灰渣凝胶煤矿防灭火材料,使用扫描电镜和傅里叶红外光谱仪分析其微观形貌与表面官能团特征。考察了材料的胶凝时间、热稳定性及保水性,确定了气化渣凝胶最优配方为水灰比1∶1.25、HPMC添加量1.5%(质量分数)。该凝胶较好抑制了煤自燃过程中羟基、甲基、亚甲基、取代芳烃、醚碳氧键等官能团反应,与未经凝胶处理的煤样相比,经凝胶处理的煤样在80℃时芳香烃峰面积减小11.85%,脂肪烃峰面积减小43.07%,120℃时芳香烃峰面积减小27.36%,脂肪烃峰面积减小44.23%。凝胶处理的煤样在氧化升温过程中,100℃时CO浓度降低65.07%,200℃时CO浓度降低53.09%,C 2H 4浓度降低23.68%。微观和宏观结果表明,气化灰渣凝胶较好地抑制了煤自燃进程,阻化性能优于CaCl 2,可有效防治煤自燃灾害,解决灰渣堆积问题,实现固废资源化利用。

Aiming at the problems of environmental pollution and waste of solid waste resources caused by the accumulation of coal-based gasification ash residues,coal mine fire extinguishing material,gasification ash residue gel,was prepared using gasification residue as the base material and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose(HPMC)as the gelling agent.Coal mine fire-extinguishing materials were analyzed by scanning electron microscope and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer to analyze their microscopic morphology and surface functional group characteristics.Factors such as gelation time,thermal stability and water retention were investigated,and the optimal formulation of the gasification slag gel was determined to be the water-cement ratio of 1∶1.25 and the addition of HPMC of 1.5%.The reaction of functional groups,such as hydroxyl,methyl,methylene,substituted aromatic hydrocarbons and carbon-oxygen bonds,was inhibited during the spontaneous combustion of coal.At 80℃,the peak area of aromatic hydrocarbons decreased by 11.85%,and the peak area of aliphatic hydrocarbons decreased by 43.07%.The peak area of aromatic hydrocarbons decreased by 27.36%and the peak area of aliphatic hydrocarbons decreased by 44.23%at 120℃.During the oxidative heating process of the gel-treated coal samples,the CO concentration decreased by 65.07%at 100℃.The CO concentration decreased by 53.09%and the C 2H 4 concentration decreased by 23.68%at 200℃.The microscopic and macroscopic results showed that the spontaneous combustion process of coal was inhibited better by the gasification ash slag gel.Its chemical resistance was better than that of CaCl 2,which could effectively prevent coal spontaneous combustion disasters.This solves the problem of ash accumulation,and realizes the resource utilization of solid waste.