减重术后胆囊结石形成机制的新进展

New progress of gallstone formation mechanism after weight loss

肥胖影响人的呼吸、循环、内分泌以及生殖等多个系统,与糖尿病、高血压病、高脂血症等疾病关联密切,为解决肥胖的困扰,改善生活习惯、服用抗肥胖药物和行减重手术治疗是最常见的三种减重方式。其中,减重手术可以被认为是解决肥胖及其肥胖相关合并症的有效治疗方法。目前常用的减重手术类型包括腹腔镜可调节胃束带术、袖状胃切除术、胃大弯折叠术、胃旁路术等。随着减重手术的发展,减重术后的远期并发症也逐渐显露,减重术后胆囊结石作为减重手术常见的并发症之一,因可进一步诱发急性胆囊炎、胆管炎及胆源性胰腺炎的发生,已经引起学者们的广泛重视。本文通过检索相关文献,总结和分析了既往国内外学者在减重术后胆囊结石形成中的研究现况和存在问题,旨在为进一步探究减重术后胆囊结石形成的分子机制和寻找针对性防治措施提供参考。

Obesity affects people's respiratory, circulation, endocrine, reproductive and other systems, and is closely related to diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and other diseases. In order to solve the problem of obesity, improving living habits, taking anti-obesity drugs and weight loss surgery are the three most common ways. Among them, bariatric surgery can be considered an effective treatment to address obesity and its obesity-related comorbidities. At present, the commonly used types of weight loss surgery include laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding, sleeve gastrectomy, large gastric bending and folding, and gastric bypass. With the development of bariatric surgery, long-term complications after bariatric surgery have gradually emerged. As one of the common complications of bariatric surgery, gallstone after bariatric surgery has attracted extensive attention from scholars because it can further induce acute cholecystitis, cholangitis and biliary pancreatitis. By searching relevant literature, this paper summarizes and analyzes the current research status and existing problems of domestic and foreign scholars on the formation of gallstones after weight loss, aiming to provide reference for further exploring the molecular mechanism of the formation of gallstones after weight loss and searching for targeted prevention and treatment measures.