“新物质主义”视域下“物”与权力关系探微——以多甫拉托夫《手提箱》为例

Probing into the relationship between“things”and power from the perspective of“new materialism”by taking Dovlatov's The Suitcase as an example

《手提箱》是多甫拉托夫十分具有个人特色的代表作之一,该作品以手提箱中的物品为回忆之匙书写了苏联往事。本文在“新物质主义”视域下探析该作品中“物”对权力关系的建构。多甫拉托夫通过“手提箱”形成的权力话语建构了个体身份,并引发主人公的身份危机。而作者对“雕塑”的书写展现出物的视觉权力,揭示了人类在物的规训下所面临的主体性丧失的危机。此外,“西服”通过身体这一中介将人类从外部群体划分和主体意识两个维度纳入权力话语体系之中。然而,在“物的暴政”之下,多甫拉托夫却通过使用荒诞的艺术手法和对精神层面的追寻创造出反抗空间以解构物权,从而为我们提供“人—物”主体间性的范式。

The Suitcase is one of Dovlatov's personal masterpieces.Using the things in the suitcase as the key to memories,this work wrote about the past of the Soviet Union.This article explores the construction of power relations by“things”in the novel from the perspective of“new materialism”.Dovlatov constructed an individual identity through the power discourse formed by“suitcase”,triggering the identity crisis of the protagonist.Dovlatov demonstrated the visual power of“things”through his writing of“sculpture”,revealing the crisis of the loss of subjectivity faced by human beings under the discipline of“things”.In addition,the author's“suit”incorporates human beings into the power discourse system from the two dimensions of external group division and subject consciousness through the intermediary of the body.However,under the“tyranny of things”,Dovlatov created a space of resistance to deconstruct power of“things”by using absurd artistic techniques and resorting to spiritual pursuit,thus providing us with the paradigm of“people-things”intersubjectivity.