俄罗斯文化中的静修主义传统:从安德烈·鲁布廖夫到安德烈·塔可夫斯基

The tradition of Hesychasm in Russian culture:from Andrey Rublev to Andrey Tarkovsky

在从拜占庭到俄罗斯的文化传承过程中,一些最具普遍性的静修主义“范式”的原则有机地融入了俄罗斯文化的结构中,促使俄罗斯文化获得显著的独立发展。从古罗斯的圣像画艺术到现代俄罗斯的电影艺术,这些原则本身也通过其在艺术文化中的折射获得全新意义。对静修主义的吸收促成了14世纪俄罗斯圣像画艺术的繁荣,其中,以希腊的费奥凡与安德烈·鲁布廖夫为代表,他们的创作直接反映出静修主义世界观的基本原则。静修主义传统对当代艺术家安德烈·塔可夫斯基产生深刻影响,他从静修主义立场上对人与完美存在的关系做出全新阐释。在他执导的影片中,人能够通过自己的精神努力成为存在的中心,使自己与世界变得完美。

In the process of cultural inheritance from Byzantium to Russia,some of the most universal principles of the Hesychasm's“paradigm”integrated organically into the structure of Russian culture,contributing to its prominent and independent development.From the iconography of ancient Rus'to modern Russian film art,these principles themselves also acquired new meaning through their reflection in art and culture.The absorption of Hesychasm contributed to the flourishing of Russian iconography in the 14th century,represented by Greek Feofan and Andrey Rublev.Their masterpieces directly reflected the basic principles of Hesychasm's worldview.The tradition of Hesychasm has a profound influence on the contemporary artist Andrei Tarkovsky,who has developed a new interpretation of the relationship between human and the Divine Existence from the standpoint of Hesychasm.In some films he directed,the person is able to become the center of existence through his or her own spiritual efforts,making himself or herself and the world perfect.