鲜食玉米收获机高净度清选智能测产装置研究

Research on high-purity cleaning and intelligent yield measurement device for fresh corn harvester

为改善国内小区鲜食玉米育种测产机械装备缺乏、小区鲜食玉米种子清选和测产过程完全依靠人工的现状,设计一种小区鲜食玉米种子高净度清选智能测产装置。该装置采用双层网筛、风力清选、智能测产流程完成高净度清选及测产作业,实现种子高净度清选和智能测产的作业要求。以上筛夹角、下筛夹角和螺旋分离装置入口风速为试验因素,以作业时千克籽粒含杂率为试验指标进行正交试验,建立因素与指标的响应面数学模型,并进行试验验证。结果表明:上筛夹角为14.0°,下筛夹角为4.0°,螺旋清选装置入口风速为27.0 m/s时为最佳作业组合,此参数组合下,鲜食玉米籽粒千克籽粒含杂率为1.2%,籽粒残留清理合格率为99.69%,测产平均误差为0.412%,籽粒含水率测量平均误差为3.57%,玉米种子千粒质量测量平均误差为0.276%。为小区鲜食玉米种子的高净度清选以及智能测产提供研究基础。

In order to improve the lack of mechanical equipment for fresh corn breeding and the complete reliance on manual labor in the process of seed selection and yield measurement in domestic communities,a smart device for high-purity cleaning and intelligent yield measurement of fresh corn seeds in community settings is designed.This device utilizes a dual-layer mesh screen,air-powered cleaning and an intelligent measurement process to accomplish high-purity cleaning and yield measurement tasks,and meets the operation requirements for seed high-purity cleaning and intelligent yield measurement.The upper screen angle,lower screen angle,and inlet wind speed of the spiral separation device were the experimental factors.Orthogonal experiments were conducted using the kilograms of impurities per grain during operation as the test indicator.The response surface mathematical model between the factors and indicators was established and verified by the experiment.The results indicated that an upper screen angle of 14.0°,a lower screen angle of 4.0°,and an entrance wind speed of 27.0 m/s for the spiral cleaning device constituted the optimal operational combination.Under this parameter combination,the kilograms of impurities per grain for fresh corn seeds were 1.2%.The residue cleaning qualification rate was 99.69%.The average error of yield measurement was 0.412%.The average error of grain moisture content measurement was 3.57%.The average error of thousand-grain weight measurement for corn seeds was 0.276%.These research findings provide a foundational basis for high-purity cleaning and intelligent yield measurement of fresh corn seeds in community settings.