西安地区已婚二孩育龄女性三孩生育意愿及其影响因素分析

Influencing factors of fertility intention for third child among married womenof childbearing age with two children in Xi'an

目的 分析西安地区已婚二孩育龄女性三孩生育意愿及其影响因素,以期提高当地生育率。方法以2022年1—12月在西安市3家三级医院进行健康体检的已婚二孩育龄女性作为调查对象开展三孩生育意愿及其影响因素的问卷调查,采用描述性分析方法对该人群三孩生育意愿情况进行分析,并采用单、多因素分析方法对生育意愿影响因素进行分析。结果 3 250名已婚二孩育龄女性中坚持选择要2个孩子的比例为81.97%,324名(9.97%)希望1个孩子最好,二孩为意外受孕。有三孩生育意愿者265人,比例为8.15%。少数民族(OR=6.236)、居住地为农村(OR=2.689)、家庭人均收入增多(OR=8.478、6.224、2.404)、事业单位职工(OR=2.871)、农民(OR=2.304)、自营商户(OR=1.863)、养老生育观(OR=3.917)是西安地区已婚二孩育龄女性三孩生育意愿增加的影响因素;经济成本(OR=0.098)、机会成本(OR=0.051)、心理成本(OR=0.220)、子女教育问题困难(OR=0.174)是西安地区已婚二孩育龄女性三孩生育意愿降低的影响因素。结论 西安地区已婚二孩育龄女性三孩生育意愿低,影响生育意愿的影响因素较多,包括民族、长期居住地、家庭人均月收入、职业、生育观念、养育成本以及子女教育问题,强化居民的生育教育是提高西安地区生育率的关键。

Objective To analyze the influencing factors of fertility intention for third child among married women of childbearing age with two children in Xi'an,in order to improve the local fertility rate.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted on married women of childbearing age with two children who underwent health examinations at three tertiary hospitals in Xi'an from January to December 2022.Descriptive analysis method was used to analyze the population's fertility intention for third child,and univariate and multivariate analysis methods were used to analyze the influencing factors of fertility intention.Results Among the 3250 married women of childbearing age with two children,81.97%insisted on choosing two children,324(9.97%)hoped that one child was the best,and the second child was an accidental pregnancy.There were 265 women with fertility intention for third child,accounting for 8.15%.Ethnic minorities(OR=6.236),residing in rural areas(OR=2.689),increased per capita household income(OR=8.478,6.224,2.404),employees of public institutions(OR=2.871),farmers(OR=2.304),and the perception of elderly care and childbirth(OR=3.917)were identified as influencing factors contributing to the increased fertility intention for third child among married women of childbearing age with two children in Xi'an.Conversely,economic cost(OR=0.098),opportunity cost(OR=0.051),psychological cost(OR=0.220),and difficulty in educating children(OR=0.174)were found to be influencing factors leading to a decrease in fertility intention for third child among married women of childbearing age with two childrenin Xi'an. Conclusions In Xi'an,married women of childbearing age with two children have a low fertility intention,andthere are many influencing factors,including ethnic origin,long‐term residence,per capita monthly income of the family,occupation,fertility concept,parenting cost,and children's education. Strengthening the fertility education of residents isthe key to improving the fertility rate in Xi'an.