北京地区老年慢性病患者功能性体适能现状调查

Status of functional physical fitness in elderly patients with chronic diseases in Beijing

目的 探讨老年社区居民慢性病患者功能性体适能现状,并分析其影响因素。方法 采用多阶段分层抽样于2022年9—12月期间随机选取北京市朝阳区社区,在抽中社区中最少招募220例社区老年慢性病患者作为研究对象开展体适能测试(SFT),并采用问卷调查方法收集调查对象基本情况、疾病患病情况、体育锻炼等情况,采用描述性分析方法对老年慢性病患者功能性体适能情况进行分析,并采用单、多因素分析方法对影响功能性体适能的因素进行分析。结果 共招募651例社区老年慢性病患者,体适能较差者294例,发生率为45.16%。多因素logistic回归分析显示年龄(OR=4.035、11.811)、超重或肥胖(BMI≥24.0)(OR=2.517)、肢体疼痛(OR=2.032)、慢性病类型为慢性呼吸系统疾病+骨骼疾病(OR=2.550)以及缺乏体育锻炼(OR=3.888)是老年慢性病患者体适能较差的独立危险因素。结论 老年慢性病患者的功能性体适能较差,应针对高龄、超重或肥胖、躯体疼痛等高危人群加强体育锻炼,积极治疗基础疾病,并给予针对性干预措施和指导建议。

Objective To explore the status of functional physical fitness of elderly community patients with chronic diseases,and analyze its influencing factors.Methods A multi‐stage stratified sampling was used to randomly select communities in Chaoyang District,Beijing from September to December 2022,and at least 220 elderly patients with chronic diseases were recruited from the selected communities as research objects to carry out senior fitness test(SFT),and questionnaire survey was adopted to collect their basic information,disease status,physical exercise,and other information.Descriptive analysis method was used to analyze the functional physical fitness of elderly patients with chronic diseases,and univariate and multivariate analysis methods were used to analyze the factors affecting the functional physical fitness.Results A total of 651 elderly patients with chronic diseases were recruited,of them 294 were poor in physical fitness,with an incidence rate of 45.16%.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age(OR=4.035,11.811),overweight or obesity(BMI≥24.0 kg/m2)(OR=2.517),limb pain(OR=2.032),chronic respiratory disease combined with bone disease(OR=2.550),and lack of physical exercise(OR=3.888)were independent risk factors for poor physical fitness in elderly patients with chronic diseases.Conclusions Elderly patients with chronic diseases have poor functional physical fitness,so physical exercise should be strengthened for the elderly,overweight or obesity,body pain,and other high‐risk groups,actively treat the underlying diseases,and give targeted intervention measures and guidance suggestions.