基于不同创新主体的科技成果转化异质性实证研究

An Empirical Research on the Heterogeneity of the Transformation of Scientific and TechnologicalAchievements Based on Different Innovation Subjects

为对不同创新主体科技成果转化的异质性进行研究,以不同所有制企业为研究对象,采用回归分析的最小二乘法(OLS)计量模型进行分析。结果表明,(1)混合所有制企业、私营企业对科技研发活动的经费和人员高于其他所有制企业,其科技成果产出也高出其他类型的企业;(2)外商投资企业产出效率要高于国有企业;(3)2018—2022年混合所有制企业、私营企业在科技成果转化投入、产出方面优势明显,在科技成果转化活动效率上,港澳台商投资企业、外商投资企业优势显著,国有企业科技成果转化活动缺乏竞争力;(4)在很大程度上,外商投资企业技术引进对我国科技成果转化活动起到推动作用;(5)在科技成果转化活动中,国有企业表现一般,投入多产出少,集体企业是科技成果转化活动整体效果滞后因素。由此提出适当增加公有制企业的私有股份,增加有效扶持,提高企业自主创新能力等建议。

In order to study the heterogeneity of the transformation of scientific and technological achievements of different innovation subjects,this paper takes enterprises with different ownership as the research object,and uses the least squares(OLS)econometric model of regression analysis to analyze.The results show that:(1)mixed ownership enterprises and private enterprises have higher funds and personnel for scientific and technological research and development activities than other ownership enterprises,and their scientific and technological achievements output is also higher than other types of enterprises;(2)The output efficiency of foreign-invested enterprises is higher than that of state-owned enterprises.(3)From 2018 to 2022,mixed ownership enterprises and private enterprises have obvious advantages in the input and output of the transformation of scientific and technological achievements.In terms of the efficiency of the transformation of scientific and technological achievements,Hong Kong,Macao,Taiwan funded enterprises and foreign-funded enterprises have obvious advantages,and the transformation of scientific and technological achievements of state-owned enterprises lacks competitiveness;(4)To a large extent,the technology introduction of foreign-funded enterprises has played a role in promoting the transformation of scientific and technological achievements in China;(5)In the transformation activities of scientific and technological achievements,the performance of state-owned enterprises is general,with more investment and less output.Collective enterprises are the lagging factors in the overall effect of the transformation activities of scientific and technological achievements.Therefore,some suggestions are put forward,such as appropriately increasing the private shares of public enterprises,increasing effective support,and improving the independent innovation ability of enterprises.