举国体制到新型举国体制下竞技体育后备人才培养体系嬗变的历史逻辑与当代转型

From National System to New National System:The Historical Logic and Contemporary Transformation of the Talent Training System of Competitive Sports

以举国体制变革为背景,探究后备人才培养体系嬗变的历史逻辑与新型举国体制下的当代转型。研究发现,举国体制下后备人才培养体系蕴含着价值功能、制度引领与赛事整合转变的历史逻辑。新型举国体制下,竞技体育后备人才培养体系当代转型的根本动因涉及发展指向、发展困局以及发展规律3个层面。国际竞技体育发达国家在后备人才培养的实践层面形成了政府主导、社市主导与政市社结合3种模式;从理论和实践层面,构建社会主义市场经济体制下市场机制与举国体制相结合的“政市社结合”模式是我国当前的理想选择。应通过加快转变政府职能、优化政府调控型治理体系,充分引入市场机制、培育和壮大市场社会力量,厚植新型举国体制优势、深化体教融合多元新体系,推动我国竞技体育后备人才培养体系的转型跃迁。

With the reform of the national system,this paper explored the historical logic of the talent training system and the contemporary transformation under the new national system.It is found that the reserve talent training system under the national system contains the historical logic of value function,institutional guidance,and the transforma-tion of event integration.Under the new national system,the fundamental motivations for the contemporary transfor-mation of the reserve talent training system in competitive sports involve three levels:development direction,devel-opment dilemma,and development cycle;while the developed countries in international competitive sports have formed three models:government-lead,society-market-lead,and government-market-society model in the practice of reserve talent training.From both theoretical and practical perspectives,it is ideal for China to construct the"government-market-social combination"model that combines the market mechanism with the national system under the socialist market economic system.It is necessary to accelerate the transformation of government functions,optimize the government's regulatory governance system,fully introduce market mechanisms,cultivate and strengthen market and social forces,enhance the advantages of the new national system as well as the integration of sports and educa-tion,and promote the transformation and transition of China's reserve talent training system in competitive sports.