新中国成立以来西藏城市居住环境治理历程与经验

Governance and Experience of Urban Residential Environments in Xizang Since the Founding of New China

受地理环境、政治地缘、社会形态和历史文化等因素的影响,新中国成立以来的西藏城市居住环境呈现出与中国其他地区城市相异的治理变迁图景。这一过程以治理目标的演变为立足点,历经消除住房等级差异、优化住房分配制度和建设高原特色人民城市的三个阶段,西藏城市居住环境实现了由“住有所居”到“住有宜居”再到“住有优居”的伟大飞跃,在住房面积、居室环境、住区绿化和配套设施等方面取得一系列历史性成就,并形成了许多宝贵的经验:一是坚持贯彻党的治藏方略是根本保证;二是稳定和团结的社会环境是基本前提;三是中央和地方政府特殊政策支持及全国帮扶援助是重要外源性力量;四是坚持以人民为中心和突出民族文化特色是核心内容。

Influenced by geographical environment,political geography,social structure,and historical culture,the urban residential environment in Xizang since the founding of New China has undergone governance changes distinct from other regions in China.This process,grounded in the evolution of governance goals,has gone through three stages:eliminating housing class differences,optimizing the housing distribution system,and building plateau-characteristic people’s cities.Xizang’s urban residential environment has made a significant leap from“having a place to live”to“having a suitable place to live”and then to“having an ideal place to live.”It has achieved a series of historic accomplishments in housing area,living environment,neighborhood greening,and supporting facilities,and has formed many valuable experiences:First,adhering to the Party’s strategy for governing Xizang is the fundamental guarantee;second,a stable and united social environment is the basic premise;third,special policy support from central and local governments and national assistance are important external forces;fourth,adhering to the people-centered approach and emphasizing ethnic cultural characteristics are the core content.