父母抵押未成年子女房产行为的效力认定研究

Study on the Validity of Parents Mortgaging Minors’Real Estate Properties

由于《民法典》第35条第1款的规定较为抽象,法院在审理父母抵押未成年子女房产纠纷案件时,对于未成年子女名下房产的归属、“为维护未成年子女利益”的界定标准以及父母抵押行为的效力认定路径存在争议,进而导致对于抵押行为效力的认定存在有效、无效及部分无效三种不同情形。针对司法实践中的问题,应厘清父母、未成年子女及交易相对人三方法律关系,并在未成年人利益与市场交易安全二者发生冲突时,作出优先保护未成年人利益的价值选择。为完善父母抵押未成年子女房产行为的效力认定规则,还应明晰未成年子女名下房产的所有权归属,以“最有利于被监护人”为原则,综合衡量未成年子女利益,以及适用无权代理路径规范父母抵押行为的效力认定,实现未成年子女的财产监管与代理效果的有机融贯,保障未成年人利益和市场交易安全的价值衡平。

nature of Article 35,Paragraph 1 of the Civil Code,courts face disputes and controversies when adjudicating cases where parents mortgage real estate properties owned by their minor children.These disputes often revolve around the ownership of the minors’properties,the definition of“protecting the interests of minors”and the pathways for determining the effectiveness of the parents’mortgage actions.This leads to different adjudications regarding the effectiveness of the mortgage actions,categorized as valid,invalid,or partially invalid.In response to the disarray in judicial practice,it is necessary to clarify the legal relationships between parents,minors,and transaction counterparts.When conflicts arise between the interests of minors and the safety of market transactions,a value choice should be made to prioritize the protection of minors’interests.To improve the rules for determining the effectiveness of parents mortgaging minors’real estate properties,it is also essential to clarify the ownership of properties registered under minors’names.The principle of“the most beneficial to the ward”should be adopted,weighing the interests of the minors comprehensively,and applying the pathway of unauthorized agency to regulate the effectiveness of parents’mortgage actions.This approach aims to integrate the supervision of minors’property and the effectiveness of representation,ensuring a balance between protecting the interests of minors and the safety of market transactions.