基于滑模PI控制的电动汽车集群出力与调频联合优化

Joint optimization of EV cluster output and frequency regulation based on sliding mode PI control

电动汽车(EV)集群在参与电网调频时,持续大量的出力可能会导致系统频率出现超调现象,且会增加系统的调频成本和对EV集群的补偿成本。在保证系统频率稳定的前提下,为了协调EV集群与发电机的出力,提出了基于滑模比例-积分(PI)控制的发电机和EV集群联合优化方法,并以系统调频成本和频率稳定为目标,对EV集群的车辆投入比例进行优化。考虑私家车、公交车、出租车这3种类型EV参与电网辅助调频,建立了EV集群参与微电网调频的单区域系统模型,通过滑模PI对EV集群进行控制,在保证频率稳定的情况下,显著减小EV集群出力;进一步对EV集群车辆投入比例参数进行优化,显著降低系统的调频成本。对发电机容量充足、不足的工况进行仿真,并对比参数优化前、后的结果,验证了所提联合优化方法的有效性和经济性。

When the electric vehicle(EV)clusters participate in the frequency regulation of the power grid,a large amount of continuous output may lead to over-regulation phenomenon of the system frequency and increase the system frequency regulation cost and the EV clusters’compensation cost.In order to coordinate the output of EV clusters and generators on the premise of ensuring the stability of system frequency,a joint optimization method of generators and EV clusters based on sliding mode proportional-integral(PI)control is proposed,and the vehicle input ratio of EV cluster is optimized with the frequency regulation cost and frequency stability as the goals.Considering that private cars,buses and taxis participate in the grid auxiliary frequency regulation,a single-area system model of EV cluster participating in the microgrid frequency regulation is established.The sliding mode PI is used to control EV clusters,and the output of EV clusters is significantly reduced while the frequency is stable.Further,the vehicle input ratio parameters of EV clusters are optimized to significantly reduce the system frequency regulation cost.The working conditions of sufficient and insufficient generator capacity are both simulated,and the results before and after parameter optimization are compared,which verify the effectiveness and economy of the proposed joint optimization method.