风浪作用下海洋平台倾斜对人员疏散的影响研究

Research on the influence of offshore platform tilt on the evacuation of personnel under the wind and waves

为研究风浪引起的海洋平台倾斜对人员疏散的影响,首先,计算不同风级下海洋平台在海上受到的风力大小,确定平台可能的倾斜范围;其次,在原始社会力模型基础上添加倾斜力和调整力以研究平台倾斜状态下的人员受力情况,添加群体吸引力和出口吸引力以优化人员疏散过程,构建一种考虑海洋平台倾斜人员疏散的改进社会力模型并通过国际海事组织(International Maritime Organization,IMO)指南进行验证;最后,模拟海洋平台房间和走廊场景,分析平台倾斜对人员疏散过程的影响。模拟结果显示:人员疏散时间分别随着人数和倾斜角度的增加而变大。海洋平台横倾对人员疏散的影响比纵倾的影响大,且横倾超过15°或纵倾超过20°以后,人员疏散时间会发生大幅度增长;横倾、纵倾2种倾斜状态共同作用时相比于单一倾斜状态,人员疏散时间会增加90%左右。楔形墙壁能使人员疏散效率提升9%~42%,平台走廊中障碍物的存在会使人员疏散时间增加约7%~24%。

To study the influence of the tilt of the offshore platform caused by wind and waves on the evacuation of personnel,the possible tilt range of the platform is determined by calculating the wind force on the offshore platform considering different wind levels.Then,based on the original social force model,tilting force and adjustment force are added to study the force of personnel under the tilted state of the platform.The group attractiveness force and exit attractiveness force are also added to optimize the personnel evacuation process.Most of the people on the platform are adult men,the space of the platform is narrow and there are many obstacles.So according to the special operating environment of the offshore platform and the characteristics of the personnel on the platform,the parameters of the social force model are optimized.Thus,an improved social force model is constructed considering the evacuation of personnel on the tilted offshore platform and the improved model is also verified by IMO guidelines.Finally,Matlab is used to analyze the impact of platform tilt on the evacuation process.The simulation results show that the evacuation time increases with the increase in the number of personnel and the tilt angle;the influence of the heel angle of the offshore platform on people is greater than that of the trim angle,and when the heel angle exceeds 15° or the trim angle exceeds 20°,the evacuation time will be greatly increased;the combined effect of the two tilt states of heel and trim has a greater impact on the evacuation process;the wedge-shaped wall can improve the evacuation efficiency of personnel by 9%-42%,and the existence of obstacles in the platform corridor can increase the evacuation time by 7%-24%.