复合垂直流人工湿地真菌群落与基质微环境的关系研究

Effects of the stromal microenvironment of an integrated vertical flow constructed wetland on fungal communities

采用Illumina MiSeq高通量测序技术对喀斯特地区复合垂直流人工湿地中基质微环境的真菌群落结构与多样性进行测序与分析,以探究真菌群落与基质微环境之间的关系,为复合垂直流人工湿地的维护、高效脱氮以及周边生态环境的改善提供依据。结果表明,各级湿地基质微环境对真菌群落特征表现有显著影响,土壤真菌多样性及丰度呈现出了先减小再增加的趋势。优势菌门为子囊菌门(Ascomycota)、罗兹菌门(Rozellomycota)、担子菌门(Basidiomycota)、壶菌门(Chytridiomycota),数量占80%以上。此外,孢霉菌门(Mortierellomycota)与单毛壶菌门(Monoblepharomycota)也占有一定比例。从一级垂直流下行池至生物稳定塘的过程中,各级湿地的不同导致属水平真菌群落结构有显著性差异,木霉菌属(Trichoderma)、鬼伞属(Coprinellus)、Paraphaeosphaeria、Aquamyces分别为一级垂直流下行池至、上行池以及二级垂直流下行池、上行池的优势菌属,生物稳定塘的优势菌属是塞伯林德纳属(Cyberlindnera)与口蘑属(Tricholoma)。冗余分析以及斯皮尔曼分析表明,环境因子的不同也是导致各级湿地中真菌群落结构差异的主要原因之一。研究中,影响真菌群落变化的主要驱动因素为pH值、溶解氧质量浓度、氨态氮质量比、硝态氮质量比和总氮质量比,与此同时子囊菌门青霉属菌(Penicillium)、镰刀菌属(Fusarium)与木霉属(Trichioderma)的真菌对复合垂直流人工湿地脱氮起到了一定的作用。

To explore the relationship between the fungal community and matrix microenvironment,Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology was used to sequence and analyze the fungal community structure and diversity in the matrix microenvironment of the integrated vertical flow constructed wetland in karst areas.It provided the basis for the maintenance,efficient nitrogen removal,and improvement of the surrounding ecological environment of the integrated vertical flow constructed wetland.The results show that the substrate microenvironment has a significant effect on the characteristics of fungal communities.Alpha analysis shows that the diversity and abundance of soil fungi decrease first and then increase.The dominant fungi phyla are Ascomycota,Rozellomycota,Basidiomycota,and Chytridiomycota,accounting for more than 80%.In addition,Mortierellomycota and Monoblepharomycota also occupy a certain proportion.In the process from the first downward vertical flow pool to the biological stabilization pond,different wetland levels lead to significant differences in genus-level fungal community structure.Trichoderma,Coprinellus,Paraphaeosphaeria,and Aquamyces are the dominant genera from the first vertical downward flow pool to the second vertical upward flow pool.The dominant fungal genera in the biological stabilization pond are Cyberlindnera and Tricholoma.The redundancy analysis and Spearman analysis show that the difference in environmental factors is also one of the main reasons for the difference in fungal community structure in different wetland levels.In this study,the main driving factors affecting the change in the fungal community are pH,dissolved oxygen,ammonia nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen,and total nitrogen.Besides,Penicillium,Fusarium,and Trichoderma which belong to Ascomycota show an extremely significant positive correlation with nitrate and ammonia nitrogen since Penicillium,Fusarium and Trichoderma play a certain role in nitrogen removal in the integrated vertical flow constructed wetland.This study on the relationship between fungal community structure and matrix microenvironment is of great significance for the maintenance of the integrated vertical flow constructed wetland,efficient nitrogen removal,and the protection of the surrounding rural ecological environment.