主动健康视域下运动负荷强度测度体系理论探新

Exploring the Theory of Exercise Load Intensity Measurement System in Proactive Health Perspective

2021年主动健康被定位为国家战略科技力量及前沿原创技术,运动科学面临新的发展机遇与挑战。基于“刺激—自适应—效益”的主动健康作用原理,精确量化运动强度,是寻求“可控刺激”的关键,也是量化内部负荷效应、实现健康效益的前提。然而当前运动强度确定方法及分区方案众多,并缺乏统一的评估框架,限制了个性化健身指导方案的科学制定与高效执行。研究拟基于主动健康复杂性科学体系及数字化实践模式框架,建立“运动刺激—代谢稳态调控—健康促进”研究理念,统一多学科围绕运动负荷的思想认知,并在充分梳理运动强度确定及分区方法的前提下,提出:可联合使用第一通气阈(VT_(1))、第二通气阈(VT_(2))、临界功率/速度(CP/CS)、最大/峰值摄氧量(VO_(2)max/peak)、峰值功率/最大冲刺速度(PP/MSS)等具备整合内、外部负荷强度特点的阈值指标,作为表征非线性代谢需求的精准强度分区依据;可进一步完善个体间运动异质性较小的%Δ法,作为量化运动强度的精确梯度标准;期望联合可穿戴设备、高通量组学技术、机器学习预测模型等前沿科技,搭建运动负荷强度测度研究及应用体系,为制订个性化、精准的运动健身方案夯实研究基础,为多学科联合推进主动健康新质生产力发展贡献体育人智慧。

In 2021,Proactive Health was designated as a national strategic scientific and technological force and a frontier in original technology,the theoretical aspects of sports science are confronted with new opportunities and challenges.Based on the principle of“stimulation-adaptation-benefit”in proactive health,precise quantification of exercise intensity is the key to seeking“controllable stimulation”and is also a prerequisite for quantifying internal load effects and achieving health benefits.However,there are currently numerous determining methods and zoning schemes for exercise intensity,and there is a lack of a unified assessment framework,which limits the scientific development and efficient implementation of personalized fitness programs.Based on the framework of proactive health complexity science system and the digital practice model,the study establishes the research concept of“exercise stimulation-metabolic homeostasis regulation-health promotion”,unifies the multidisciplinary ideology around exercise load,combs current methods for determining and partitioning exercise intensity,and proposes that,threshold indicators with the characteristics of integrating internal and external load intensity,such as First Ventilatory Threshold(VT_(1)),Second Ventilatory Threshold(VT_(2)),Critical Power/Speed(CP/CS),Maximum/Peak Oxygen Consumption(VO_(2)max/peak),Peak Power/Maximum Sprint Speed (PP/MSS),etc.,can be used as the basis for precise intensity zoning to meet non-linear metabolic needs;refining the %Δmethod,which allows for less heterogeneity of exercise among individuals,as a precise gradient criterion for quantifying exercise intensity;combining wearable devices,high-throughput multi-omics technology,machine learning prediction models and other frontier technologies to build a research and application system for measuring exercise load intensity,lay a solid research foundation for formulating personalized,accurate and precise exercise and fitness programs,and contribute to the wisdom of sports people for jointly promoting the development of active health and new productivity by multiple disciplines.