主动健康理念下中国人群精准运动处方研制与运动处方库建设

Development of Precision Exercise Prescriptions and Construction of Exercise Prescription Database for Chinese under the Philosophy of Proactive Health Care

目的:旨在研制适用于中国不同年龄、性别和健康状况人群的精准化运动处方,并构建中国人群运动处方库。方法:1)采用文献计量分析、专家访谈与专家调查确定“制定与实施运动处方规范标准”。2)招募3 414名普通人群和988名肥胖、2型糖尿病、高血压、冠心病和癌症患者5类慢病人群为实证研究对象,运用随机/自身对照试验设计对各实验组进行为期8周至4个月不等的运动干预,并在干预前、中、后对体质与健康相应指标进行测量与数据分析。3)对于常见人群的常见运动目的的运动处方,采用系统综述或Meta分析进行有效运动处方的提炼与整理。结果:1)“制定与实施运动处方规范标准”包括制定运动处方的基本流程与基本原则、运动处方构成要素、运动前健康筛查与运动风险评估、体质水平与运动能力评估、运动处方实施中的监控与微调整、运动处方效果评价等内容。2)通过实证研究共获取116个普通人群精准运动处方和70个慢病患者精准运动处方,包括6~17岁儿童青少年24个、18~25岁大学生21个、18~59岁成年人33个60~79岁老年人38个、肥胖合并高脂血症患者18个、高血压患者12个、冠心病患者21个、恶性肿瘤患者8个及2型糖尿病患者11个。3)通过文献梳理和提炼,共获取14个普通人群运动处方和34个慢病患者运动处方,包括18~25岁大学生7个、18~59岁成年人7个、肥胖合并高脂血症患者5个、高血压患者8个、恶性肿瘤患者16个及糖尿病患者5个。4)根据年龄、性别、体质水平、健康状况、患病类型/程度等多种要素对运动处方进行分层分类,构建了中国人群精准运动处方库,使用者可同时使用多维度要素进行智能检索,获取比较适合的运动处方。结论:研制的中国人群精准运动处方基本可满足大多数群体的日常运动精准化指导,为推动主动健康、积极应对老龄化社会提供实施依据。

Objective:The aim of this research was to develop precise exercise prescriptions for Chinese population of different ages,genders and health conditions,and to construct the Chines exercise prescription database.Methods:1) Literature measurement and analysis were used to determine the standardization criteria for the development and implementation of exercise prescriptions combined with expert interviews and surveys.2) A total of 3 414 general population and 988 chronic patients with obesity,type 2 diabetes mellitus,hypertension,coronary heart disease and cancer were recruited as subjects for the empirical study.The randomized/self-controlled trial design was used for the 8-week to 4-month intervention,and the corresponding indicators of physical fitness and health were measured and analyzed before,during and after the intervention.3) For exercise prescriptions for common exercise purposes in common populations,systematic reviews or Meta-analysis were used to refine and organize effective exercise prescriptions.Results:1) The standardization criteria for the development and implementation of exercise prescriptions included the basic process,principles for the formulation and the constituent elements of exercise prescription,pre-exercise health screening and exercise risk assessment,assessment of physical fitness level and exercise capacity,etc.2) A total of 116 exercise prescriptions for the general population and 70 for patients with chronic diseases were obtained through the empirical study,including 24 for children and adolescents aged 6~17 years old,21for college students aged 18~25 years old,33 for adults aged 18~59 years old,38 for seniors aged 60~79 years old,18 for patients with obesity combined with hyperlipidemia,12 for patients with hypertension,21 for patients with coronary heart disease,8 for patients with malignant tumors and 11 for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.3) Through literature combing and refining,a total of 14 exercise prescriptions for the general population and 34 for the patients,including 7 for college students aged 18~25 years old,7 for adults aged 18~59 years old,5 for patients with obesity combined with hyperlipidemia,8 for patients with hypertension,16 for patients with malignant tumors and 5 for patients with diabetes mellitus.4) Exercise prescriptions were stratified and classified according to multiple elements such as age,gender,fitness level,health status,and type/degree of illness,and exercise prescription database for Chinese population was constructed,so that users can use the multi-dimensional elements to conduct intelligent searches at the same time for more suitable prescriptions.Conclusion:The exercise prescription for Chinese population developed in this research can basically meet the daily exercise guidance for most groups,and provide the implementation basis for promoting active health and actively coping with the aging society.