战略“三角观”视角下中国企业技术创新的竞争优势研究

Research on the Competitive Advantage of Chinese Enterprise Technological Innovation from the Strategy Tripod Perspective View

鉴于传统的创新理论无法解释制度环境差异巨大的中国企业技术创新过程,为更为全面和细致地考察中国企业创新的竞争优势,基于企业战略“三角观”(资源观、制度观和行业观)理论,使用2007—2019年国泰安数据库的中国企业相关数据,运用Tobit面板模型,分析制度因素对企业创新绩效的影响效应,内部能力与制度因素对企业创新绩效的交互效应,以及技术前沿距离与内部能力、制度因素对企业创新绩效的三重交互效应。结果显示:知识产权保护执法对企业创新绩效有促进作用;政府支持弥补了转型过程中企业所面临的制度基础设施不足的不利影响,有利于企业创新;企业内部能力提升了知识产权保护执法与企业创新绩效的正向关系,但削弱了政府支持对企业创新绩效的正向效应;技术前沿距离放大了内部能力、政府支持与企业创新绩效之间的负向关系,且降低了内部能力、知识产权保护执法与企业创新绩效之间的正向关系。因此,新发展时期的中国在加强知识产权保护执法和提升企业内部能力的同时,也需要将政府角色由经济干预者向秩序维护者转换,以适应中国技术进步新阶段的特点。

Given that traditional innovation theories are powerless to explain the innovation process of Chinese firms in widely varying institutional environments,in order to comprehensively and meticulously examine the competitive advantages of Chinese enterprise innovation,based on the enterprise strategy triangle theory(resource view,institutional view,and industry view),this paper uses the relevant data of Chinese enterprises in the CSMAR database from 2007 to 2019 and the Tobit panel model,analyzes the impact of institutional factors on enterprise innovation performance,the interaction effect between internal capability and institutional factors on corporate innovation performance,as well as the triple interaction effect among technological frontier distance,internal capability and institutional factors on corporate innovation performance.The results show that IPR enforcement has a role in promoting the innovation performance of enterprises,government support compensates for the adverse impact of insufficient institutional infrastructure faced by enterprises in the process of transformation and is also conducive to enterprise innovation,the internal capacity of enterprises improves the positive relationship between IPR enforcement and enterprise innovation performance but weakens the positive effect of government support on enterprise innovation performance,and the distance of technological frontier amplifies the negative relationship between internal capacity,government support and enterprise innovation performance,and reduces the positive relationship between internal capacity,IPR enforcement and enterprise innovation performance.Therefore,in the new era of development,while strengthening IPR enforcement and enhancing the internal capabilities of enterprises,China also needs to shift its government role from an economic interventionist to an order maintainer,so as to adapt to the characteristics of the new stage of China's technological progress.