海底大地控制网无人观测系统研究进展

Review of unmanned observation systems for seafloor geodetic network

针对海底大地控制网观测维护通常采用基于大型测量船的全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)-声呐组合观测系统,不仅导致控制网观测维护成本高昂,也限制了控制网的复测频次和全球大规模应用的问题,研究综述海底大地控制网无人观测系统:指出近年来,基于海面浮标、无人船、波浪滑翔机、无人机等无人系统的GNSS-声呐组合观测系统快速发展,大幅降低了传统海底大地控制网观测成本,提升了海底控制网观测维护效率;阐述国内外GNSS-声呐无人观测系统研究进展,并分析现有无人观测平台的优缺点;最后提出GNSS-声呐无人观测系统发展面临的挑战和可能的发展方向。

Aiming at the problem that the observation and maintenance of the seafloor geodetic control network usually adopts a global navigation satellite system(GNSS)-acoustic combined observation system based on large measurement ships,which not only leads to high observation and maintenance costs of the control network,but also limits the frequency of remeasurement and global large-scale applications of the control network,the paper reviewed unmanned observation systems for seafloor geodetic network:it was pointed out that in recent years,the GNSS-acoustic combined observation system based on unmanned systems such as sea buoys,unmanned ships,wave gliders and unmanned aerial vehicles has developed rapidly,greatly reducing the observation cost of traditional seafloor geodetic control network and improving the observation and maintenance efficiency of seafloor control network;moreover,the research progress of GNSS-acoustic unmanned observation systems at home and abroad was described,and the advantages and disadvantages of existing unmanned observation platforms were analyzed;finally,and the challenges and possible development directions of GNSS-acoustic unmanned observation system were proposed.