一种基于GHZ态的半量子双方身份认证协议

A semi⁃quantum mu tual identity authentication protocol based on G HZ state

半量子身份认证在保障通讯安全方面发挥着至关重要的作用。通过引入一个量子第三方对密钥进行集中管理,提出一种新的基于Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ)态的半量子双方身份认证协议。首先,对参与者的量子能力进行限制,两个认证者都只具有半量子的能力,协议使用更少的量子资源。其次,协议中两个半量子参与者只需要执行简单的测量操作和异或操作。安全性分析发现,利用该协议进行量子通信时,假冒攻击、截获重发攻击和纠缠附加攻击等攻击都无法引起合法身份信息的泄露,表明该协议可以有效防止非法的不诚实参与者获得合法身份,具有较好的安全性和实用性。

Semi-quantum identity authentication plays a crucial role in ensuring communication security.By introducing a quantum third party to centrally manage keys,a new semi-quantum two-party authentication protocol based on Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger(GHZ)state is proposed.Firstly,the quantum capabilities of the participants are limited,both authenticators have only semi-quantum capabilities,and the protocol uses fewer quantum resources.Secondly,the two semi-quantum participants in the protocol only need to perform simple measurement operations and XOR operations.Through further security analysis,it is found that attacks such as impersonation attack,intercept-resend attack and entangle-measure attack cannot cause the leakage of legitimate identity information when using this protocol for quantum communication,indicating that the protocol can effectively prevent an illegal and dishonest participant from obtaining a legitimate identity,and has better security and practicality.