电动车车身骨架静态特性多目标优化

Multi-objective Optimization of Static Characteristics of Electric Vehicle Body Frame

针对微型电动车交通事故频发、车身骨架现有研究不足等问题,根据某款微型电动车车身骨架的有限元模型采取了工程设计中的计算机辅助工程(CAE)分析和多目标优化设计的概念对其车身骨架进行静态特性多目标优化。采取三组方案进行对比,在模型精度和计算效率之间做出取舍,得到最优的优化方案,在最终的优化结果对比和计算效率之间,方案三采用移动最小二乘法的方案在精度和效率上最佳。优化后,在车身质量没有大幅度变化的情况下,车身的扭转刚度增加了410.75 N·m/°,弯曲刚度增加了1 041.2 N/mm,该车身骨架静态性能明显提升。

Aiming at the problems of frequent traffic accidents and insufficient research on the body frame of a micro-electric vehicle,this paper adopts the concepts of computer aided engineering(CAE)analysis and multi-objective optimization design to optimize the static characteristics of the body frame of a micro-electric vehicle based on the finite element model of the body frame.Three groups of schemes are compared to make a trade-off between model accuracy and computational efficiency,and the optimal optimization scheme is obtained.Between the comparison of final optimization results and computational efficiency,the scheme using moving least square method in scheme 3 is the best in terms of accuracy and efficiency.After optimization,the torsional rigidity of the body increases by 410.75 N∙m/°and the bending rigidity increases by 1041.2 N/mm,and the static performance of the body skeleton is significantly improved without significant changes in the body mass.