在华外资企业外迁的动因、影响及应对策略

Motivations,Impacts and Coping Strategies of Relocation by Foreign-Funded Enterprises in China

近年来,部分行业的外资企业外迁有所增加,引发了社会各界比较广泛的关注。外资企业外迁的动因涉及综合商务成本上升、国际环境和地缘政治影响、其他国家营商环境与招商引资吸引,以及国内企业竞争等多重因素。对外资企业外迁的利弊要综合分析,既要看到外迁带来的外贸出口份额减少、对GDP和税收增长的不利影响、给社会就业带来的压力等消极影响,也要看到外迁对国内产业转型升级和提升中国在全球价值链中的地位具有一定积极作用。针对部分行业外资企业的外迁现象,建议相关政府部门采取持续优化营商环境、进一步落实“负面清单”、鼓励外资企业在国内异地搬迁转移等措施,最大限度地减少外资企业外迁的数量与规模,促进外资企业在中国经济高质量发展中发挥出更大的推动作用。

In recent years,there has been a notable increase in the relocation of foreign-funded enterprises from specific sectors in China,prompting widespread concern within the community.The driving forces behind these relocations encompass a range of factors,including rising operational costs,the influence of the international environment and geopolitics,the appeal of business environments and investment incentives in other countries,and heightened competition from domestic enterprises.Conducting a comprehensive analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of foreign-funded enterprise relocation is crucial.It is vital not only to acknowledge the negative consequences,such as the reduction in the share of foreign exports,adverse effects on GDP and tax revenue growth,and societal employment pressures resulting from relocation,but also to recognize the positive aspects.The relocation contributes to the transformation and upgrading of domestic industries,as well as the bolstering of China's position in the global value chain.In response to the phenomenon of foreign-funded enterprise relocation in specific industries,we propose that relevant government departments take measures to continuously enhance the business environment,further implement the“Negative List System”,and actively encourage foreign-funded enterprises to relocate and transfer operations within the country.This strategy aims to minimize both the frequency and scale of outward relocation by foreign-funded enterprises,fostering an environment where they can play a more substantial role in propelling the high-quality development of China's economy.