国内外深远海养殖设施标准对比分析及建议

Comparative analysis and countermeasures on standards of offshore aquaculture facilities

标准是保障深远海养殖活动规范安全开展的基础性支撑文件,研究制定要求合理、管理科学的深远海养殖标准,意义重大。通过对比国内外深远海养殖设施标准化文件中深远海养殖设施的关键指标,发现国外的标准化文件体系较为完整,指标要求比国内高,而国内深远海养殖设施标准化文件严重缺失,还未成体系,结合国内环境条件和产业现状,对比国外技术标准、法规要求,提出针对国内的意见建议:增加适渔性研究、开展国内外标准化文件的深化对比研究、构建科学完整的标准体系、发挥标准作用促进“四新”在深远海养殖设施中的应用,细化深化检验管理中的要求;尽快在深远养殖设施的结构强度、工作人员的安全保障和设施风险分析方面制定相关标准。

Standards are the basic supporting documents to ensure the standardized and safe development of deep-sea aquaculture activities.Its main function is to achieve the goal of comprehensive,coordinated and sustainable development of deep-sea aquaculture technology by putting forward reasonable technical requirements and carrying out activities in strict accordance with the standards.However,in different countries and regions,the requirements for deep-sea aquaculture platforms and related facilities are different,and there are many technical indicators and types involved.If reasonable technical indicators and management requirements cannot be formulated in combination with the actual use environmental conditions and management background,it will cause great hidden dangers to the safety of life,facilities and environment at sea and limit the healthy development of deep-sea aquaculture technology.Therefore,it is of great significance to study and formulate far-reaching marine aquaculture standards with reasonable requirements and scientific management.In this paper,by comparing the key indicators of deep-sea aquaculture facilities in the standardized documents of deep-sea aquaculture facilities at home and abroad,it is found that the standardized documents of deep-sea aquaculture facilities at home and abroad are relatively complete,and the standardized documents of deep-sea aquaculture facilities at home are seriously lacking and have not yet become a system.Combined with the domestic environmental conditions and industrial status,and compared with the requirements of foreign technical standards and regulations,reasonable suggestions are put forward for China:increasing the research on fishing suitability,carrying out the in-depth comparative study of standardized documents at home and abroad,and building a scientific and complete standard system.